Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology
The Behaviour Change Intervention Ontology (BCIO) is an ontology for all aspects of human behaviour change interventions and their evaluation. It is being developed as a part of the Human Behaviour Change Project (http://www.humanbehaviourchange.org). The BCIO is developed across several modules. This ontology file contains the merged version of the BCIO, encompassing the upper level and the modules for Setting, Mode of Delivery, Style of Delivery, Source, Mechanisms of Action, Behaviour and Behaviour Change Techniques. Additional modules will be added soon.
BFO OWL specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the name of the variable that is used to represent it in the code that generates the BFO OWL file from the lispy specification.
Really of interest to developers only
BFO OWL specification label
BFO OWL specification label
BFO CLIF specification label
Relates an entity in the ontology to the term that is used to represent it in the the CLIF specification of BFO2
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Really of interest to developers only
BFO CLIF specification label
BFO CLIF specification label
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
The concise, meaningful, and human-friendly name for a class or property preferred by the ontology developers. (US-English)
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
editor preferred label
editor preferred label
editor preferred term
editor preferred term
editor preferred term~editor preferred label
example
example of usage
A phrase describing how a class name should be used. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding of a class semantics, such as widely known prototypical subclasses or instances of the class. Although essential for high level terms, examples for low level terms (e.g., Affymetrix HU133 array) are not
A phrase describing how a term should be used and/or a citation to a work which uses it. May also include other kinds of examples that facilitate immediate understanding, such as widely know prototypes or instances of a class, or cases where a relation is said to hold.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
IAO:0000112
uberon
example_of_usage
true
example_of_usage
example of usage
example of usage
has curation status
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bill Bug
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
OBI_0000281
has curation status
has curation status
definition
definition
textual definition
English language definitions of what NCI means by the concept. These are limited to 1024 characters. They may also include information about the definition's source and attribution in a form that can easily be interpreted by software.
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property. Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions.
The official definition.
2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
2012-04-05:
Barry Smith
The official OBI definition, explaining the meaning of a class or property: 'Shall be Aristotelian, formalized and normalized. Can be augmented with colloquial definitions' is terrible.
Can you fix to something like:
A statement of necessary and sufficient conditions explaining the meaning of an expression referring to a class or property.
Alan Ruttenberg
Your proposed definition is a reasonable candidate, except that it is very common that necessary and sufficient conditions are not given. Mostly they are necessary, occasionally they are necessary and sufficient or just sufficient. Often they use terms that are not themselves defined and so they effectively can't be evaluated by those criteria.
On the specifics of the proposed definition:
We don't have definitions of 'meaning' or 'expression' or 'property'. For 'reference' in the intended sense I think we use the term 'denotation'. For 'expression', I think we you mean symbol, or identifier. For 'meaning' it differs for class and property. For class we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine whether an entity is instance of the class, or not. For property we want documentation that let's the intended reader determine, given a pair of potential relata, whether the assertion that the relation holds is true. The 'intended reader' part suggests that we also specify who, we expect, would be able to understand the definition, and also generalizes over human and computer reader to include textual and logical definition.
Personally, I am more comfortable weakening definition to documentation, with instructions as to what is desirable.
We also have the outstanding issue of how to aim different definitions to different audiences. A clinical audience reading chebi wants a different sort of definition documentation/definition from a chemistry trained audience, and similarly there is a need for a definition that is adequate for an ontologist to work with.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
DEFINITION
definition
definition
textual definition
The official definition.
url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/iao.owl
editor note
An administrative note intended for its editor. It may not be included in the publication version of the ontology, so it should contain nothing necessary for end users to understand the ontology.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obfoundry.org/obo/obi>
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obofoundry.org/obo/obi>
IAO:0000116
uberon
editor_note
true
editor_note
editor note
editor note
definition editor
term editor
Name of editor entering the definition in the file. The definition editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The definition editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
Name of editor entering the term in the file. The term editor is a point of contact for information regarding the term. The term editor may be, but is not always, the author of the definition, which may have been worked upon by several people
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See http://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/issues/detail?id=115.
20110707, MC: label update to term editor and definition modified accordingly. See https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/115.
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition editor
definition editor
term editor
term editor
alternative label
alternative term
A label for a class or property that can be used to refer to the class or property instead of the preferred rdfs:label. Alternative labels should be used to indicate community- or context-specific labels, abbreviations, shorthand forms and the like.
An alternative name for a class or property which means the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent)
OBO Operations committee
PERSON:Daniel Schober
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
Consider re-defing to: An alternative name for a class or property which can mean the same thing as the preferred name (semantically equivalent, narrow, broad or related).
alternative label
alternative term
alternative term
definition source
Formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
formal citation, e.g. identifier in external database to indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. Free text indicate / attribute source(s) for the definition. EXAMPLE: Author Name, URI, MeSH Term C04, PUBMED ID, Wiki uri on 31.01.2007
PERSON:Daniel Schober
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
Discussion on obo-discuss mailing-list, see http://bit.ly/hgm99w
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
definition source
definition source
curator note
An administrative note of use for a curator but of no use for a user
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
IAO:0000232
uberon
curator_notes
curator_notes
curator note
curator note
curator notes
term tracker item
the URI for an OBI Terms ticket at sourceforge, such as https://sourceforge.net/p/obi/obi-terms/772/
An IRI or similar locator for a request or discussion of an ontology term.
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
Person: Jie Zheng, Chris Stoeckert, Alan Ruttenberg
IAO:0000233
uberon
term_tracker_item
true
term_tracker_item
The 'tracker item' can associate a tracker with a specific ontology term.
term tracker item
term tracker item
imported from
For external terms/classes, the ontology from which the term was imported
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
imported from
imported from
OBO foundry unique label
An alternative name for a class or property which is unique across the OBO Foundry.
The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
The intended usage of that property is as follow: OBO foundry unique labels are automatically generated based on regular expressions provided by each ontology, so that SO could specify unique label = 'sequence ' + [label], etc. , MA could specify 'mouse + [label]' etc. Upon importing terms, ontology developers can choose to use the 'OBO foundry unique label' for an imported term or not. The same applies to tools .
PERSON:Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON:Bjoern Peters
PERSON:Chris Mungall
PERSON:Melanie Courtot
GROUP:OBO Foundry <http://obofoundry.org/>
OBO foundry unique label
elucidation
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Barry Smith
Primitive terms in a highest-level ontology such as BFO are terms which are so basic to our understanding of reality that there is no way of defining them in a non-circular fashion. For these, therefore, we can provide only elucidations, supplemented by examples and by axioms
elucidation
elucidation
has associated axiom(nl)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom associated with a term expressed using natural language
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(nl)
has associated axiom(fol)
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
An axiom expressed in first order logic using CLIF syntax
has associated axiom(fol)
has associated axiom(fol)
synonym
tag display synonym
S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S
S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S.
PREFIX rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#>
PREFIX owl: <http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#>
PREFIX in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002162>
PREFIX present_in_taxon: <http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002175>
CONSTRUCT {
in_taxon: a owl:ObjectProperty .
?witness rdfs:label ?label .
?witness rdfs:subClassOf ?x .
?witness rdfs:subClassOf [
a owl:Restriction ;
owl:onProperty in_taxon: ;
owl:someValuesFrom ?taxon
] .
}
WHERE {
?x present_in_taxon: ?taxon .
BIND(IRI(CONCAT(
"http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/RO_0002175#",
MD5(STR(?x)),
"-",
MD5(STR(?taxon))
)) as ?witness)
BIND(CONCAT(STR(?x), " in taxon ", STR(?taxon)) AS ?label)
}
RO:0002175
applicable for taxon
uberon
present_in_taxon
true
true
present_in_taxon
The SPARQL expansion for this relation introduces new named classes into the ontology. For this reason it is likely that the expansion should only be performed during a QC pipeline; the expanded output should usually not be included in a published version of the ontology.
present in taxon
present_in_taxon
S present_in_taxon T if some instance of T has some S. This does not means that all instances of T have an S - it may only be certain life stages or sexes that have S.
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6601-2165
Used to capture development notes and design decisions or questions. All annotations using this property should be removed before publishing / releasing the ontology to the public (but ideally retained in some place as valuable documentation).
SEPIO_editor_note
http://purl.org/dc/terms/contributor
uberon
dc-contributor
true
dc-contributor
contributor
has_alternative_id
has_broad_synonym
database_cross_reference
An alternative label for a class or property which has the exact same meaning than the preferred name/primary label.
Fully qualified synonym, contains the string, term type, source, and an optional source code if appropriate. Each subfield is deliniated to facilitate interpretation by software.
Synonym of the term.
https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20
FULL_SYN
Synonym with Source Data
has exact synonym
has exact synonym
has_exact_synonym
https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/ontology-metadata/issues/20
Synonym of the term.
url:http://www.geneontology.org/formats/oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
has_narrow_synonym
disease_ontology
has_obo_namespace
has_related_synonym
An identifier for an individual entity.
id
An identifier for an individual entity.
url:http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/IAO_0020000
in_subset
shorthand
comment
is defined by
is defined by
This is an experimental annotation
label
A human readable name for this class.
A human-readable name for the subject.
label
label
A human readable name for this class.
url:http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
alternate name
derived_from
derived from
A relation that holds between a study and the study sample for that study
has study sample
A relation that holds between a study and the study investigator for that study
has study investigator
A relation that holds between a behaviour change intervention delivery and the source who performs the delivery
has BCI source
A relation that holds between a behaviour change intervention scenario and the context of the scenario
has BCI context
A relation that holds between an evaluation study and the scenario that it is evaluating
evaluates
A relation that holds between a comparative evaluation study and two or more scenarios that are being compared
comparatively evaluates
A relation that holds between an effect estimate and two outcome estimates
difference between
A relation that holds between an interventions mechanism of action and an entity x, in which the entity x participates in or is part of the mechanism of action process and is influenced by a BCI or its context such that there is some change in entity x.
through
A relation that links abstinence from a behaviour to a temporal region during which this personal attribute is true
has abstinence period
A relation that links an individual human behaviour to a behavioural attribute.
has behavioural attribute
Realises the human life function of an individual human behaviour.
serves behavioural function
Causally influenced by a cognitive representation of something the behaviour could bring about.
has behavioural goal
Causally relation between two entities in which a behaviour brings into existence, causes to occur, destroys, prevents from occurring, or changes an entity.
has behavioural outcome
Has participant that relates a behaviour to the person enacting the behaviour.
is enacted by
Has participant that relates a behaviour to a material entity that the person enacting the behaviour intends to enable or facilitate the behaviour.
uses
Has participant that relates a behaviour to another sentient being that accompanies the person enacting the behaviour.
has behavioural companion
Has participant that relates the behaviour to an object that the person enacting the behaviour intends to influence.
has behavioural target
is part of
my brain is part of my body (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach cavity is part of my stomach (continuant parthood, immaterial entity is part of material entity)
this day is part of this year (occurrent parthood)
a core relation that holds between a part and its whole
Everything is part of itself. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot be part of each other.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent can be part of an occurrent; only a process can be part of a process; only a continuant can be part of a continuant; only an independent continuant can be part of an independent continuant; only an immaterial entity can be part of an immaterial entity; only a specifically dependent continuant can be part of a specifically dependent continuant; only a generically dependent continuant can be part of a generically dependent continuant. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot be part of an occurrent: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot be part of a continuant: use 'has participant'. A material entity cannot be part of an immaterial entity: use 'has location'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot be part of an independent continuant: use 'inheres in'. An independent continuant cannot be part of a specifically dependent continuant: use 'bearer of'.
part_of
part of
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:part_of
has part
my body has part my brain (continuant parthood, two material entities)
my stomach has part my stomach cavity (continuant parthood, material entity has part immaterial entity)
this year has part this day (occurrent parthood)
A core relation that holds between a whole and its part
a core relation that holds between a whole and its part
Everything has itself as a part. Any part of any part of a thing is itself part of that thing. Two distinct things cannot have each other as a part.
Occurrents are not subject to change and so parthood between occurrents holds for all the times that the part exists. Many continuants are subject to change, so parthood between continuants will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
Parthood requires the part and the whole to have compatible classes: only an occurrent have an occurrent as part; only a process can have a process as part; only a continuant can have a continuant as part; only an independent continuant can have an independent continuant as part; only a specifically dependent continuant can have a specifically dependent continuant as part; only a generically dependent continuant can have a generically dependent continuant as part. (This list is not exhaustive.)
A continuant cannot have an occurrent as part: use 'participates in'. An occurrent cannot have a continuant as part: use 'has participant'. An immaterial entity cannot have a material entity as part: use 'location of'. An independent continuant cannot have a specifically dependent continuant as part: use 'bearer of'. A specifically dependent continuant cannot have an independent continuant as part: use 'inheres in'.
has_part
has part
has part
realized in
this disease is realized in this disease course
this fragility is realized in this shattering
this investigator role is realized in this investigation
Inverse of realizes relation.
is realized by
realized_in
[copied from inverse property 'realizes'] to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a realizable entity and a process, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realised in
realized in
realizes
this disease course realizes this disease
this investigation realizes this investigator role
this shattering realizes this fragility
To say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d and b is a process which has participant d at t and c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at tand the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c.
to say that b realizes c at t is to assert that there is some material entity d & b is a process which has participant d at t & c is a disposition or role of which d is bearer_of at t& the type instantiated by b is correlated with the type instantiated by c. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [059-003])
Paraphrase of elucidation: a relation between a process and a realizable entity, where there is some material entity that is bearer of the realizable entity and participates in the process, and the realizable entity comes to be realized in the course of the process
realises
realizes
b occurs_in c =def b is a process and c is a material entity or immaterial entityand there exists a spatiotemporal region r and b occupies_spatiotemporal_region r.and forall(t) if b exists_at t then c exists_at t and there exist spatial regions s and s’ where and b spatially_projects_onto s at tand c is occupies_spatial_region s’ at tand s is a proper_continuant_part_of s’ at t
occurs in
exists-at
existsAt
BFO2 Reference: entity
BFO2 Reference: temporal region
b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])
exists at
b exists_at t means: b is an entity which exists at some temporal region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [118-002])
o-has-part
hasOccurrentPart
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] Mary’s 5th birthday occurrent_part_of Mary’s life
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] The process of a footballer’s heart beating once is an occurrent part but not a temporal_part of a game of football.
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] the first set of the tennis match occurrent_part_of the tennis match.
Inverse of occurrent_part_of which is defined as: b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c and b and c are occurrents.
b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO 2 Reference: a (continuant or occurrent) part of itself. We appreciate that this is counterintuitive for some users, since it implies for example that President Obama is a part of himself. However it brings benefits in simplifying the logical formalism, and it captures an important feature of identity, namely that it is the limit case of mereological inclusion.
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] BFO2 Reference: occurrent
[copied from inverse property 'part of occurrent'] b occurrent_part_of c =Def. b is a part of c & b and c are occurrents. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [003-002])
(iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001]
has occurrent part
has process part
b has_occurrent_part c = Def. c occurrent_part_of b. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [007-001])
(iff (hasOccurrentPart a b) (occurrentPartOf b a)) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [007-001]
has-profile
Inverse of process_profile_of
has process attribute
has profile
profile-of
processProfileOf
inverse of has_process_profile
is process attribute of
process profile of
p occupies_temporal_region t. This is a primitive relation between an occurrent p and the temporal region t upon which the spatiotemporal region p occupies_spatiotemporal_region projects.
occupies temporal region
This document is about information artifacts and their representations
A (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
Is about is a (currently) primitive relation that relates an information artifact to an entity.
7/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg. Following discussion with Jonathan Rees, and introduction of "mentions" relation. Weaken the is_about relationship to be primitive.
We will try to build it back up by elaborating the various subproperties that are more precisely defined.
Some currently missing phenomena that should be considered "about" are predications - "The only person who knows the answer is sitting beside me" , Allegory, Satire, and other literary forms that can be topical without explicitly mentioning the topic.
person:Alan Ruttenberg
Smith, Ceusters, Ruttenberg, 2000 years of philosophy
is about
is about
inheres in
this fragility is a characteristic of this vase
this red color is a characteristic of this apple
A relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent) and an independent continuant (the bearer), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
a relation between a specifically dependent continuant (the characteristic) and any other entity (the bearer), in which the characteristic depends on the bearer for its existence.
inheres_in
Note that this relation was previously called "inheres in", but was changed to be called "characteristic of" because BFO2 uses "inheres in" in a more restricted fashion. This relation differs from BFO2:inheres_in in two respects: (1) it does not impose a range constraint, and thus it allows qualities of processes, as well as of information entities, whereas BFO2 restricts inheres_in to only apply to independent continuants (2) it is declared functional, i.e. something can only be a characteristic of one thing.
characteristic of
is attribute of
bearer of
this apple is bearer of this red color
this vase is bearer of this fragility
A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a specifically dependent continuant (the dependent), in which the dependent specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
Inverse of characteristic_of
A bearer can have many dependents, and its dependents can exist for different periods of time, but none of its dependents can exist when the bearer does not exist.
bearer_of
is bearer of
has attribute
has characteristic
participates in
this blood clot participates in this blood coagulation
this input material (or this output material) participates in this process
this investigator participates in this investigation
A relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
a relation between a continuant and a process, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
participates_in
participates in
participates in
has participant
this blood coagulation has participant this blood clot
this investigation has participant this investigator
this process has participant this input material (or this output material)
a relation between a process and a continuant, in which the continuant is somehow involved in the process
Has_participant is a primitive instance-level relation between a process, a continuant, and a time at which the continuant participates in some way in the process. The relation obtains, for example, when this particular process of oxygen exchange across this particular alveolar membrane has_participant this particular sample of hemoglobin at this particular time.
has_participant
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:has_participant
has participant
has participant
this person has role this investigator role (more colloquially: this person has this role of investigator)
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a role, in which the role specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
A bearer can have many roles, and its roles can exist for different periods of time, but none of its roles can exist when the bearer does not exist. A role need not be realized at all the times that the role exists.
has_role
has role
A relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
a relation between an independent continuant (the bearer) and a disposition, in which the disposition specifically depends on the bearer for its existence
has disposition
has disposition
located in
my brain is located in my head
this rat is located in this cage
A relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
a relation between two independent continuants, the target and the location, in which the target is entirely within the location
Location as a relation between instances: The primitive instance-level relation c located_in r at t reflects the fact that each continuant is at any given time associated with exactly one spatial region, namely its exact location. Following we can use this relation to define a further instance-level location relation - not between a continuant and the region which it exactly occupies, but rather between one continuant and another. c is located in c1, in this sense, whenever the spatial region occupied by c is part_of the spatial region occupied by c1. Note that this relation comprehends both the relation of exact location between one continuant and another which obtains when r and r1 are identical (for example, when a portion of fluid exactly fills a cavity), as well as those sorts of inexact location relations which obtain, for example, between brain and head or between ovum and uterus
Most location relations will only hold at certain times, but this is difficult to specify in OWL. See http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ro/docs/temporal-semantics/
located_in
http://www.obofoundry.org/ro/#OBO_REL:located_in
located in
located in
X happens_during Y iff: (start(Y) before_or_simultaneous_with start(X)) AND (end(X) before_or_simultaneous_with end(Y))
happens during
Do not use this relation directly. It is ended as a grouping for relations between occurrents involving the relative timing of their starts and ends.
https://docs.google.com/document/d/1kBv1ep_9g3sTR-SD3jqzFqhuwo9TPNF-l-9fUDbO6rM/edit?pli=1
A relation that holds between two occurrents. This is a grouping relation that collects together all the Allen relations.
temporally related to
inverse of starts with
starts
inverse of ends with
ends
P has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present at the beginning of p.
p has output c iff c is a participant in p, c is present at the end of p, and c is not present in the same state at the beginning of p.
produces
has output
has output
https://wiki.geneontology.org/Has_output
A grouping relationship for any relationship directly involving a function, or that holds because of a function of one of the related entities.
This is a grouping relation that collects relations used for the purpose of connecting structure and function
functionally related to
Inverse of has output relation
inverse of has output
output of
output of
relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
This branch of the ontology deals with causal relations between entities. It is divided into two branches: causal relations between occurrents/processes, and causal relations between material entities. We take an 'activity flow-centric approach', with the former as primary, and define causal relations between material entities in terms of causal relations between occurrents.
To define causal relations in an activity-flow type network, we make use of 3 primitives:
* Temporal: how do the intervals of the two occurrents relate?
* Is the causal relation regulatory?
* Is the influence positive or negative?
The first of these can be formalized in terms of the Allen Interval Algebra. Informally, the 3 bins we care about are 'direct', 'indirect' or overlapping. Note that all causal relations should be classified under a RO temporal relation (see the branch under 'temporally related to'). Note that all causal relations are temporal, but not all temporal relations are causal. Two occurrents can be related in time without being causally connected. We take causal influence to be primitive, elucidated as being such that has the upstream changed, some qualities of the donwstream would necessarily be modified.
For the second, we consider a relationship to be regulatory if the system in which the activities occur is capable of altering the relationship to achieve some objective. This could include changing the rate of production of a molecule.
For the third, we consider the effect of the upstream process on the output(s) of the downstream process. If the level of output is increased, or the rate of production of the output is increased, then the direction is increased. Direction can be positive, negative or neutral or capable of either direction. Two positives in succession yield a positive, two negatives in succession yield a positive, otherwise the default assumption is that the net effect is canceled and the influence is neutral.
Each of these 3 primitives can be composed to yield a cross-product of different relation types.
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causally related to
relation that links two events, processes, states, or objects such that one event, process, state, or object (a cause) contributes to the production of another event, process, state, or object (an effect) where the cause is partly or wholly responsible for the effect, and the effect is partly or wholly dependent on the cause.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causality
The intent is that the process branch of the causal property hierarchy is primary (causal relations hold between occurrents/processes), and that the material branch is defined in terms of the process branch
Do not use this relation directly. It is intended as a grouping for a diverse set of relations, all involving cause and effect.
causal relation between entities
causally influenced by
External
A mental disposition towards repeated episodes of abnormally high levels of motivation to engage in a behaviour, acquired as a result of engaging in the behaviour, where the behaviour results in risk or occurrence of serious net harm.
Dependence
The aim is to include dispositions about which there is a consensus that they constitute addiction while avoiding making a disputed statement about whether addiction necessarily involves disordered brain mechanisms .
This entity focuses on abnormal motivation to engage in a behaviour and includes serious net harm as a feature. The reason is to limit the class to things that merit a treatment and public health response. It is a quantitative entity and a fuzzy set because there can be varying thresholds set for degree of harm and strength of motivation. As a result, it is essential to operationalise the term for it to be meaningful.
While 'addiction' is a disposition relating to experience motivation to use a substance, 'substance dependence' refers to 'disposition related to the impaired functioning in the absence of a substance'.
addiction
External
A feeling involving positive affect associated with reduction in a feeling of need.
subjective need
feeling of need satisfaction
External
A cognitive representation of themselves by a person or group.
identity
External
An identity that a person has about themselves.
self-identity
External
A subjective affective feeling involving a strong desire or urge.
craving
External
An identity that a group holds about itself.
An ongoing consideration regarding this class is whether a socially shared representation can be said to be purely cognitive.
group identity
External
A self-identity in which the representation involves a relation between the identity holder and another person or group.
'Social identity' can involve a sense of one's rank or status in reference to other groups.
social identity
External
A bodily disposition which is realised as impaired functioning following reduction or termination of use of a psychoactive substance.
While 'addiction' is a disposition relating to experience motivation to use a substance, 'substance dependence' refers to 'disposition related to the impaired functioning in the absence of a substance'.
substance dependence
Published
A planned process in which a BCI is applied in a given context, including BCI engagement and outcome behaviour.
BCI scenario
behaviour change intervention scenario
Published
Human behavior that is an intervention outcome.
behaviour change intervention outcome behaviour
Involves use of products, services, activities, rules or environmental objects.
Published
An intervention that has the aim of influencing human behaviour.
BCI
behaviour change intervention
Includes as part BCI population and BCI setting. Use of the word ‘may’ conveys a non-zero probability given available information.
Published
An aggregate of entities that are not dependent on the intervention but may influence the effect of a BCI on its outcome behaviour.
BCI context
behaviour change intervention context
Published
A process that is causally active in the relationship between a BCI scenario and its outcome behaviour.
BCI MOA
behaviour change intervention mechanism of action
Published
An environmental system that consists of people, their pets, social and cultural institutions and processes that influence the life of people and social groups.
social environmental system
Published
A social environmental system that consists of persons related as members of a domestic group, or a number of domestic groups linked through descent from a common ancestor, marriage, adoption or other legal arrangements.
family environmental system
Published
A social environmental system that consists of persons who share a bond of mutual affection and are in contact or communication.
friendship network
Published
A mental capability acquired through training or practice.
The term 'skill' specifically refers to acquired capabilities, as behavioural theories suggested that the main difference between capabilities and skills was that skills were learned.
mental skill
Published
A mental capability that involves processes that modulate the frequency, rate or extent of a response to external or internal stimuli and that are instigated by the person themselves.
'Modulate’ refers to ‘modifying or controlling influence on or change the strength’ and involves processes
self-regulation capability
Published
A self-regulation capability to modulate one's behaviour.
behavioural regulation capability
behavioural self-regulation capability
Published
A self-regulation capability to modulate one's cognitive processes.
cognitive self-regulation capability
Published
A self-regulation capability to modulate one's emotional responses to a stimulus.
emotional regulation capability
emotional self-regulation capability
Published
A behavioural capability that involves sensory or musculoskeletal abilities
physical behavioural capability
Published
A physical capability acquired through training or practice.
physical skill
Published
A personal capability includes interpersonal behaviour in its realisation.
social behavioural capability
Published
A social capability acquired through training or practice.
social skill
Published
A mental disposition to perceive or experience oneself as isolated from and not meaningfully involved in social groups.
social alienation
Published
A mental disposition that is realized by attending to events, objects or sensory patterns in experience.
The events attended to can include internal and external events.
awareness
Published
A mental disposition to commit to enact or not enact a behaviour.
The term ‘plan’ can sometimes be used to refer to intention and sometimes for instructional plans.
behavioural intention
Published
A belief about a factor that could restrict or impede a person from engaging in a behaviour.
belief about barriers to a behaviour
Published
A belief about the extent to which one's own behaviour is similar to that of referent others.
belief about conformity to behavioural norms
Published
A belief about what results from or follows the performance of a behaviour.
response efficacy
Consequences can be either positive or negative.
belief about consequences of behaviour
Published
A belief about consequences of behaviour in terms of their impact on the social environmental system.
Consequences can be either positive or negative.
belief about social consequences of behaviour
Published
A belief about the outcomes resulting from achieving a goal.
Consequences can be either positive or negative.
Belief about consequences of goal attainment is about what types of outcomes will be achieved, rather than the value or the likelihood of these outcomes. For instance, a person may believe that studying every night will help achieve good grades. However, the value of achieving such grade may vary, and would fall under 'evaluative belief'.
belief about consequences of goal attainment
Published
A belief about the extent to which one can direct what happens in one's future.
belief about control over one's future
Published
A belief about the existence of an increase from an initial reference point.
Perceived gain
The perceived gain could be in anything internal or external, such as health or wealth.
The classes 'belief about gain' and 'belief about reduction' do not necessarily involve likelihood. Likelihoods relate to the future, However, 'belief about gain' might be about an existing gain. For instance, in situation where the following trade is offered: "I've given you $2, are you willing to trade it for a 50% chance of winning $6?" it'd be "I have $2 more than I started with", there is an existing gain that is compared to a future one.
belief about gain
Published
A belief about the probability a particular behaviour will result or not result in particular outcomes.
belief about likelihood of consequences of behaviour
Published
A belief about the probability of a behaviour resulting or not resulting in a change to health or wellbeing.
belief about likelihood of health consequences of behaviour
Published
A belief about the probability that a given event or state will occur or not occur in the future.
Consequences can be either positive or negative.
belief about likelihood of consequences of an occurrence
Published
A belief about the existence of a decrease from an initial reference point.
belief about loss
The perceived loss could be in anything internal or external, such as wealth or health.
The classes 'belief about gain' and 'belief about reduction' do not necessarily involve likelihood. Likelihoods relate to the future. However, 'belief about reduction' might be about an existing loss.
belief about reduction
Published
A belief regarding whether the content of a verbal, graphic, written or recorded communication is relevant to oneself.
belief about message relevance
Published
A belief about the nature of the immediate physical and social settings in which people live, including culture and the people and institutions with whom they interact.
belief about ones environment
Published
A belief about how serious the harm associated with an outcome could be.
belief about threat severity
belief about severity of an outcome
Published
A belief about one's personal vulnerability to a threat.
belief about personal susceptibility
Published
A belief about consequences of behaviour in terms of how long after the performance of the behaviour they will occur.
belief about the timing of the consequences of behaviour
Published
A belief about the extent to which one is free to choose whether to perform the behaviour.
belief about autonomy in performing behaviours
belief about choice over a behaviour
Published
An evaluative belief about one's attributes.
Self-concept
One's attributes can be evaluated as positive or negative.
evaluation of self
Published
A belief about whether a particular aspect of the world is positive or negative.
The class 'evaluative belief about the consequences of behaviour' can be found as the subclass of 'belief about consequences of behaviour'.
evaluative belief
Published
A belief about what is typical for people who belong to a particular group.
belief about norm
A person does not need to belong to a group to have a perception of their norms. For instance, the perceived norm could be in a group one aspires to belong to, and so the person might attempt to conform to it in an attempt to be accepted as a member of that group.
perceived norm
Published
A belief about the prevalence of performance of a given behaviour by people within a group.
perceived descriptive norm
Published
A belief about whether a behaviour is appropriate and correct for people who belong to a particular group.
perceived injunctive norm
Published
A belief about whether key others think one should perform a behaviour.
'Key others' can include 'people in one’s social network’
normative belief
Published
A belief about one's capabilities to organise and execute a behaviour and achieve the outcomes associated with this behaviour.
self-efficacy
The phrase 'to organise' refers to the ability to organise mental processes and sequences of actions.
'self-efficacy belief for a behaviour' is part of 'self-efficacy belief for a behaviour and its associated outcomes'. However, the latter also includes a belief about the outcomes associated with behaviour.
self-efficacy belief for a behaviour and its associated outcomes
Published
Self-efficacy belief for a behaviour when a barrier or facilitator of the behaviour is encountered.
The 'barrier or facilitator' specified in the definition can be external or internal.
situational self-efficacy belief for a behaviour
Published
A mental disposition that when activated, guides an interconnected network of perception, thought, emotion or behaviour.
cognitive schema
Published
A cognitive schema that when activated, guides a sequence of behaviours.
action script
action schema
Published
A mental disposition to represent one proposition as preferred from at least two.
Decision is defined as a 'mental disposition', a realisable entity, because a person requires a process to form, think about or reconsider a decision.
decision
Published
A decision that one behaviour is preferred from at least two behavioural options.
behavioural decision
Published
A cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving.
goal
Published
A mental disposition to understand the nature of the world, or a specific aspect of the world, that corresponds to the actual state of the world and is acquired through experience or learning.
Knowledge is defined as a 'mental disposition', a realisable entity, because a person requires a process to access the information stored in their brain. A person knows something, when the relevant information has been retrieved from their memory. There are instances where a person might have learned something, but is unable to retrieve the information at a specific moment.
knowledge
Published
Knowledge regarding a particular set of actions.
knowledge regarding a behaviour
Published
Knowledge regarding a novel invention or way of doing something.
knowledge regarding an innovation
Published
Knowledge regarding a potential harm.
knowledge regarding a threat
Published
Knowledge regarding a therapy or medication for a health problem.
knowledge regarding treatment
Published
A mental disposition to think or behave in a particular way in response to an internal or external event in the person's environment, which is acquired through associative learning.
The responses to an event can include thinking and impulses to respond.
learned stimulus-reponse co-occurrence
Published
A mental disposition to evoke the representation of the sensory characteristics of objects or events when these are not immediately present to the senses.
mental imagery disposition
Published
A mental disposition to act in accordance with the likely approval of others.
motivation to comply
willingness to comply
Published
A mental disposition for motivation to be guided by a focus on the presence or absence of outcomes of a certain valence.
motivational orientation towards types of outcomes
Published
A mental disposition for motivation to be guided by a focus on the presence or absence of negative outcomes.
prevention focused motivational orientation
Published
A mental disposition for motivation to be guided by a focus on the presence or absence of positive outcomes.
promotion focused motivational orientation
Published
A mental disposition to regard certain things as fundamentally important in life, which informs standards for behaviour.
personal value
Published
A mental disposition of a person to act to obtain or maintain a particular state due to this state’s importance to the person’s wellbeing.
Psychological needs can be satisfied or thwarted.
psychological need
Published
A psychological need to have a sense of personal agency and initiative.
need for autonomy
Published
A psychological need to have a positive evaluation of oneself and one's qualities and characteristics.
need for self-esteem
Published
A psychological need to feel safe from threats.
need for a sense of safety
Published
A psychological need to have caring relationships with other people.
need for a sense of belonging and attachment
Published
A psychological need to experience oneself as capable and effective.
need for mastery
need to feel competent
Published
A mental plan that is realised in mental processes representing the steps to enact a behaviour and the conditions under which the behaviour will be enacted.
Action plan
The term ‘plan’ can sometimes be used to refer to intention and sometimes for instructional plans.
'mental plan for a behaviour’ involves plans for which details about the behaviour (when [specific times], where, how or with whom) are specified.
mental plan for a behaviour
Published
A cognitive schema that when activated, guides perception, thought, emotion or behaviour toward members of a social group as having certain shared attributes, by virtue of their group membership.
The attributes of members are not definitional. For instance, a psychologist studying psychology is not a stereotype.
stereotype
Published
A mental disposition to experience a feeling of being connected by social attachments.
social embeddedness
Published
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of how much one is personally obliged to respond to an event or person in need.
appraisal of obligation to act
Published
A cognitive representation of a reference level that an individual wishes to obtain.
Examples of 'reference level' are the level of a behaviour and the blood glucose level.
desired standard
Published
A cognitive representation of the sensory characteristics of objects or events that are not immediately present to the senses.
mental image
Published
A role that inheres in a human being by virtue of their social and institutional circumstances.
A role can be assigned without being realised. A person realises a role by doing something.
personal role
Published
A personal role that is realised in human social processes.
A role can be assigned without being realised. A person realises a role by doing something.
social role
Published
A spatial quality that inheres in a bearer by virtue of its position relative to other entities.
An intervention could be used to rearrange objects in an environment, changing the location of a person relative to these objects and thereby increasing the likelihood of a behaviour.
location
Published
An environmental disposition that is required for or facilitates a behaviour.
The phrase ‘required for’ is used in the definition to specify that 'behavioural opportunity' is a necessary condition for behaviour to occur. Although other MoAs will help bring behaviour about, there has to be a 'behavioural opportunity' for behaviour to occur.
The term 'facilitates' is used to specify that 'behavioural opportunity' will make the behaviour easier. Higher behavioural opportunity will increase the likelihood of behaviour across situations and people.
The class 'environmental system' relates to what is found in the physical and social environment (e.g., how many streets are there for you to walk on), while the class 'behavioural opportunity' is about the features of the environment and how they interact with the person (e.g., whether an environment enables a person to take walks).
behavioural opportunity
Published
A physical behavioural opportunity that involves the person having sufficient financial resources.
As 'financial behavioural opportunity' will involve some physical monetary entity (e.g., money borrowed from someone), it is a physical behavioural opportunity. While financial resources (e.g., money) have intrinsically social dimensions, the 'financial behavioural opportunity' does not involve a social aspect.
financial behavioural opportunity
Published
A behavioural opportunity regarding how easy it is for a person to approach and use a healthcare service.
The 'healthcare services' refers to services provided for the purposes of preventing, detecting, curing or controlling a health problem or enhancing wellbeing.
healthcare access
Published
A behavioural opportunity that involves time and parts of the environmental system that do not involve people or organisations.
A 'behavioural opportunity' is a feature of the environmental system. While the class 'environmental system' is about what is found in an environment, the behavioural opportunity is a feature of the environment which interacts with the person and enables or prevents a behaviour.
physical behavioural opportunity
Published
A behavioural opportunity that involves the social environmental system.
social behavioural opportunity
Published
A physical behavioural opportunity that involves the person having sufficient time or a suitable period.
temporal behavioural opportunity
Published
A stimulus that arises from bodily processes and serves to elicit or guide behaviour.
bodily behavioural cue
Published
A stimulus that arises from mental processes and serves to elicit or guide behaviour.
mental behavioural cue
Published
An individual human behaviour that is commonly enacted by people that are part of a social environmental system.
Normative behaviour can be an MoA or outcome depending on how 'normative behaviour' is described in an intervention. The Behaviour Change-Intervention Ontology includes the class 'outcome behaviour' (definition: Human behavior that is an intervention outcome.), which would not be an MoA. When an intervention targets a normative behaviour to achieve an outcome behaviour, the former qualifies as an MoA.
normative behaviour
Published
A bodily process in which attempts are made to achieve a desired end state.
'Goal pursuit process' is a bodily process, as it may involve more than just mental processes (i.e., other processes in the body).
goal pursuit process
Social support from social network.
Published
An inter-personal behaviour where a person exerts an influence on the behaviour of another.
social influence behaviour
Published
A bodily process by which the person experiences an internally-generated positive physical or psychological state subsequent to a response.
internal reward for a response
Published
A bodily process by which a person attempts to follow the steps in a plan.
plan enactment
Published
A self-regulation process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of one's performance of a behaviour.
self-regulation of behaviour
Published
Self-regulation of behaviour through the performance of a different behaviour.
Behavioural self-regulation of behaviour can be an MoA or outcome depending on how 'behavioural self-regulation of behaviour' is described in an intervention. The Behaviour Change-Intervention Ontology includes the class 'outcome behaviour' (definition: Human behavior that is an intervention outcome.), which would not be an MoA. When an intervention targets behavioural self-regulation of behaviour to achieve an outcome behaviour, the former qualifies as an MoA.
behavioural self-regulation of behaviour
Published
Self-regulation of behaviour undertaken to manage a sense of guilt, anxiety or obligation.
introjected self-regulation
Published
Self-regulation of behaviour through self-administering a reward for performing an intended behaviour.
self-reinforcing self-regulation
Published
Self-regulation undertaken to achieve consistency between one's values and the behaviour performed.
value-congruent self-regulation
Published
An unpleasant subjective affective feeling experienced due to perceived inconsistency between two concurrently held cognitive representations.
cognitive dissonance
Published
A subjective affective feeling that arises when an impulse to enact a behaviour is activated but not immediately acted upon.
An urge is felt when an impulse is frustrated.
feeling an urge
Published
A cognitive process that creates a representation of the meaning and significance of a communication, object, event or situation.
comprehension
Published
A cognitive process used prior to decision-making that reduces the perceived scope or complexity of available options.
decision simplification
Published
Thinking that involves the generation of inferences by reasoning based on one or more statements, evaluating anticipated consequences or considering the relationships between concepts.
reflective thinking
Published
A mental process through which a perceived inconsistency between two concurrently held cognitive representations is reduced.
dissonance reduction process
Published
A mental process that establishes a cognitive representation of the desired end state.
goal setting process
Published
A mental process that uses simple rules and associations learnt from experience to make judgements.
heuristic process
Published
Judging during which one proposition is selected as preferred from at least two.
The output of decision-making is a decision.
decision-making
Published
Judging oneself or one's social group in relation to the qualities or characteristics of another person or social group.
social comparison process
Published
Learning that involves changing the strength of association between two or more mental processes.
While associative learning is often defined as learning an association between a stimulus and response, the stimulus has to be perceived. Therefore, associative learning is between perceiving or processing information about a stimulus (a mental process) and one or more other mental processes.
The label 'associative learning' is also used for a behaviour change technique (BCT) in the BCT Taxonomy v1 (Michie et al., 2013). The definition for this BCT reads as follows: 'Present a neutral stimulus jointly with a stimulus that already elicits the behavior repeatedly until the neutral stimulus elicits that behavior.' As indicated by the definition, the BCT is the deliberate presentation of a stimulus, whereas the MoA is a learning process that occurs in the brain.
associative learning
Published
Associative learning process that occurs when the pairing of a conditioned and unconditioned stimulus leads to the conditioned stimulus producing a response that would otherwise have only been produced by the unconditioned stimulus.
classical conditioning
Published
Associative learning process in which people learn to distinguish between appropriate responses to similar but different stimuli depending on whether a generalised response is rewarded or not.
discrimination learning
Published
Associative learning process in which the strength of a conditioned response is reduced because its conditioned stimulus is presented without being accompanied by the unconditioned stimulus.
An unconditioned stimulus is "a stimulus that elicits a reflexive or innate response (the unconditioned response) without prior learning." (p., 280, Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., Vliek, M., Passer, M., and Smith, R. (2019). EBOOK: Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour, 4e. McGraw Hill.)
A conditioned stimulus is a stimulus that, through association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to elicit a conditioned response similar to the original unconditioned response (Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., Vliek, M., Passer, M., and Smith, R. (2019). EBOOK: Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour, 4e. McGraw Hill.)
extinction in classical conditioning
Published
Associative learning process in which the rate of behavioural response in the presence of a discriminative stimulus is reduced because the response is no longer followed by a reinforcer.
Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., Vliek, M., Passer, M., and Smith, R. (2019). EBOOK: Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour, 4e. McGraw Hill.)
Discriminative stimulus is "a signal that a particular response will produce certain consequences." (p. 291
extinction in operant learning
Published
Associative learning process in which prior learning that an antecedent stimulus signals certain consequences of behaviour spreads to a stimulus that differs in certain aspects from the original antecedent stimulus.
The label 'Generalisation of target behavior' is used for a behaviour change technique (BCT) in the BCT Taxonomy v1 (Michie et al., 2013). The definition for this BCT reads as follows: 'Advise to perform the wanted behaviour, which is already performed in a particular situation, in another situation.' Therefore, the BCT is the advice to perform the behaviour, whereas the MoA is a learning process that occurs in the brain.
generalisation in learning
Published
Associative learning process in which the likelihood of a particular behavioural response is influenced by the past consequences associated with performing that behaviour.
operant conditioning
Published
A memory process that deals with the receipt, storage, retrieval and modification of information regarding a set of entities associated with a particular object or event.
associative memory
Published
A memory process that deals with the receipt, storage, retrieval and modification of information regarding a personally experienced event at a particular time or place.
episodic memory
Published
A memory process that deals with the receipt, storage, retrieval and modification of information associated with meanings, understandings or conceptual facts about the world.
semantic memory
Published
A memory process that deals with the receipt, storage, retrieval and modification of information regarding performance of an activity.
procedural memory
Published
A memory process that deals with the receipt, storage, retrieval and modification of information regarding a brief visual stimulus.
iconic memory
Published
A mental process in which objects, events, people, or experiences are grouped into classes, on the basis of features shared by members of the same class and features distinguishing the members of one class from those of another.
mental categorising
Published
A mental process in which conditions are compared against a particular reference level.
The term 'condition' may refer to the characteristics of an object, event and person.
mentally comparing against a standard
Published
A mental process that energises and directs a behaviour.
behavioural motivation
Published
Behaviour motivation that arises from emotions and impulses that result from associative learning or innate dispositions.
automatic motivation
Published
Autonomous motivation due to a behaviour's inherent enjoyment, satisfaction or benefits to oneself.
The phrase 'benefits to oneself' includes the reduction of unpleasant internal states.
intrinsic motivation
Published
A mental process in which one observes one's own behaviour or mental processes.
There are behaviour change techniques labelled 'Self-monitoring of behaviour' and 'Self-monitoring of outcome of behaviour'. These are about establishing a method for monitoring states. In contrast, the MoA is the mental process of monitoring.
'Self-monitoring of behaviour' is defined as 'Instruct self recording of specified behaviour/s (with or without associated thoughts, emotions, situations) as part of a behaviour change strategy ' (Michie et al., 2013).
'Self-monitoring of outcome of behaviour' is defined "Establish a method for the person to monitor and record their behavior(s) as part of a behavior change strategy" (Michie et al., 2013).
self-monitoring
Published
A belief about the potential emotions experienced as result of an event.
'Belief about anticipated emotions' is about the consequences of anything, not just behaviour. In contrast, the class 'belief about emotional consequences of behaviour' is about the emotions resulting from behaviours.
belief about anticipated emotion
Published
A belief regarding aspects of a verbal, graphic, written or recorded communication.
belief about message
Published
A belief about whether a verbal, graphic, written or recorded communication is provided by people or institutions who provide reliable information.
belief about the credibility of a message's source
Published
A belief about whether a verbal, graphic, written or recording communication provides information that can be relied on as honest or truthful.
belief about message trustworthiness
Published
A belief regarding whether one or more of the person's needs have been met.
belief about need satisfaction
Published
A belief about the aspects of one's immediate social settings in which people live, including culture and the people and institutions with whom they interact.
belief about ones social environment
Published
A belief about whether others will provide or are available to provide assistance or comfort to help the person cope with one or more stressors or enhance their wellbeing.
belief about social support
Published
An evaluative belief about whether a behaviour is positive or negative.
For 'evaluative belief about the consequences of a behaviour' see under parent class 'belief about the consequences of a behaviour'.
evaluative belief about a behaviour
Published
A belief about consequences of behaviour in terms of whether they are positive or negative.
Note that while this has 'belief about the consequences of a behaviour' as the parent, there is also a class 'evaluative belief' that acts as a parent for other evaluative beliefs.
evaluative belief about the consequences of behaviour
Published
An evaluative belief about the value of the consequences of behaviour to oneself.
'Desirability' can range from highly desirable to highly undesirable.
belief about the personal desirability of consequences of a behaviour
Published
An evaluative belief about the attributes of others.
evaluative belief about others
Published
A belief about one's capabilities and opportunities within an environmental system to perform a behaviour or achieve the outcomes resulting from a behaviour.
belief about control over behaviour
Published
A belief about one's capabilities to organise and execute a behaviour.
The phrase 'to organise' refers to the ability to organise mental processes and sequences of actions.
'self-efficacy belief for a behaviour' is part of 'self-efficacy belief for a behaviour and its associated outcomes'. However, the latter also includes a belief about the outcomes associated with behaviour.
self-efficacy belief for a behaviour
Published
A mental disposition to behave in a particular way in response to an internal or external event in the person's environment, which is acquired through habit learning.
Habit
Learned stimulus-behaviour co-occurrence can vary in strength.
learned stimulus-behaviour co-occurrence
Published
A mental disposition to think in a particular way in response to an internal or external event in the person's environment, which is acquired through associative learning.
Mental habit
learned stimulus-thought co-occurrence
Published
A mental plan regarding a strategy to deal with conditions that could prevent the performance of a behaviour.
mental plan for coping with barriers
Published
A behaviour that results from a learnt stimulus-behaviour co-occurrence.
A learnt stimulus-behaviour co-occurrence can lead to activation or execution of a habitual behaviour.
Habitual behaviour can be an MoA or outcome depending on how 'habitual behaviour' is described in an intervention. The Behaviour Change-Intervention Ontology includes the class 'outcome behaviour' (definition: Human behavior that is an intervention outcome.), which would not be an MoA. When an intervention targets a habitual behaviour to achieve an outcome behaviour, the former qualifies as an MoA.
habitual behaviour
Published
Pleasure that is experienced as a result of engaging in a behaviour.
Enjoyment of behaviour
pleasure associated with behaviour
Published
A mental process that reduces the frequency by which an aversive cognitive representation is evoked.
avoidance mental process
Published
A cognitive process that involves intentionally detaching oneself from one's immediate thoughts.
decentring
mental distancing
Published
Mental distancing that involves identifying particular immediate thoughts and intentionally detaching from these thoughts.
targeted decentring
targeted mental distancing
Published
Extrinsic motivation to gain or maintain social approval or a positive self-evaluation.
introjected regulation
approval-based motivation
Published
A belief about how vulnerable others are to a threat.
belief about others' susceptibility
Published
Behavioural motivation that is internally generated and based on a behaviour being interesting or valuable to an individual.
autonomous motivation
Published
A belief about whether oneself or another person is obligated to take a certain course of action.
belief about responsibility to act
Published
Autonomous motivation due to the perceived value or importance of the behaviour to oneself.
identified regulation
behavioural importance-based motivation
Published
A belief about vulnerability to a threat.
belief about susceptibility to a risk
belief about susceptibility to a threat
Published
A belief about a potential harm.
belief about threat
Published
Behaviour motivation that is based on external rewards, punishments or pressure regarding a behaviour.
controlled motivation
extrinsic motivation
Published
Autonomous motivation due to a behaviour being perceived to satisfy a core psychological need.
integrated regulation
fundamental need-based motivation
Published
Associative learning process that involves strengthening an association between a stimulus and an impulse through repetition of co-occurrence of the stimulus and the behaviour.
habit learning
Consists of BCTs that can be classified using a BCT taxonomy.
Published
An intervention content that is part of a behaviour change intervention.
BCI content
behaviour change intervention content
Published
A behaviour change technique that sets or changes goals.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving.
goal directed BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that sets goals.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving. The goal could be set for the self or another person.
goal setting BCT
Published
A goal setting BCT that sets a goal for the behaviour to be achieved.
if goal is a behavioural outcome, code 'set outcome goal BCT'
if goal unspecified code 'goal setting BCT'
if the goal defines a specific context, frequency, duration or intensity for the behaviour, also code 'action planning BCT'.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving. The goal could be set for the self or another person. Only code if there is sufficient evidence that the goal is set as part of intervention
set behaviour goal BCT
Published
A goal setting BCT that involves the intervention source agreeing with the person on a behavioural goal.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving.
agree behaviour goal BCT
Published
A goal setting BCT in which the goal is a positive outcome of performing the behaviour.
if goal is a behaviour, code 'set behaviour goal BCT'
if goal unspecified code 'goal setting BCT'.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving. The goal could be set for the self or another person. Only code guidelines if set as a goal in an intervention context
set outcome goal BCT
Published
A goal setting BCT that involves the intervention source agreeing with the person on a goal which is a positive outcome of performing the behaviour.
objective setting
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving.
agree outcome goal BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT in which the person analyses factors influencing the behaviour and generates, selects, or reviews strategies to increase facilitators and overcome barriers.
relapse prevention, coping planning, problem solving
Barrier identification without strategies to increase facilitators is not sufficient.
goal strategising BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that involves making a detailed plan for the performance of the behaviour, which must include at least one of context, frequency, duration or intensity.
Evidence of action planning does not necessarily imply goal setting, only code latter if sufficient evidence.
action planning BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that reviews a behavioural goal and considers modifying the goal in light of progress toward the goal.
if discrepancy created consider also 'attend to discrepancy between current behaviour and goal BCT'
if goal unspecified, code 'review outcome goal BCT'
if modifying the plan to achieve the goal consider also 'review behaviour goal plan BCT'.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving. If goal specified in terms of behaviour, code this class
review behaviour goal BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that draws attention to discrepancies between a person's current behaviour and the person's outcome goal, behavioural goal or action plan.
if feedback provided, also code 'provide feedback BCT' or one of its child classes.
If discomfort is created only code 'draw attention to incompatible beliefs BCT' and not this class. If goals are modified, also code 'review behaviour goal BCT' and/or 'review outcome goal BCT'
attend to discrepancy between current behaviour and goal BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that reviews an outcome goal and considers modifying the goal in light of achievement.
if discrepancy created consider also 'attend to discrepancy between current behaviour and goal BCT'.
if goal unspecified, code this class
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving. If goal specified in terms of behaviour, code 'review behaviour goal BCT'
review outcome goal BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that creates a written specification of the behaviour to be performed, agreed on by the person, and witnessed by another person.
behavioural contract
The person witnessing the agreement can be the intervention source or another person who is present at the time. Also code 'set behaviour goal BCT'.
create behavioural contract BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that asks the person to affirm or reaffirm statements indicating commitment to change the behaviour.
commitment
If defined in terms of the behaviour to be achieved also code 'set behaviour goal BCT'.
affirm commitment BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that advises the person to adopt more than one goal in a situation where the goals facilitate each other.
goal facilitation
advise goal integration BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that involves gathering or using information about performance.
monitoring BCT
Published
A monitoring BCT that observes current performance of the behaviour with the person’s knowledge but without providing feedback about their behaviour.
observation, performance monitoring
if feedback given, code only 'provide feedback on behaviour BCT' and not this class
if observing outcomes code 'observe outcome of behaviour without feedback BCT'.
The monitoring agent can be a human or a technical device. If observation is part of a data collection procedure rather than a strategy aimed at changing behaviour, do not code
observe behaviour without feedback BCT
Published
A monitoring BCT that records current performance of the behaviour with the person’s knowledge but without providing feedback about their behaviour.
monitoring
if feedback given, code only 'provide feedback on behaviour BCT' and not this class
if recording outcomes code 'record outcome of behaviour without feedback BCT'.
The monitoring agent can be a human or a technical device. If recording is part of a data collection procedure rather than a strategy aimed at changing behaviour, do not code
record behaviour without feedback BCT
Published
A monitoring BCT that observes an outcome of performing the behaviour with the person’s knowledge but without providing feedback about the outcome.
if feedback given, code only 'provide feedback on outcome of behaviour BCT' and not this class
if observing behaviour code 'observe behaviour without feedback BCT'.
The monitoring agent can be a human or a technical device. If recording is part of a data collection procedure rather than a strategy aimed at changing behaviour, do not code
observe outcome of behaviour without feedback BCT
Published
A monitoring BCT that records an outcome of performing the behaviour with the person's knowledge but without providing feedback about the outcome.
if feedback given, code only 'provide feedback on outcome of behaviour BCT' and not this class
if recording behaviour code 'record behaviour without feedback BCT'.
The monitoring agent can be a human or a technical device. If recording is part of a data collection procedure rather than a strategy aimed at changing behaviour, do not code
record outcome of behaviour without feedback BCT
Published
A monitoring BCT in which feedback about the behaviour is provided.
feedback, behavioural feedback
Feedback is provision of data about some aspect of behaviour without an evaluation (positive or negative). Where feedback includes reward or punishment, see behavioural consequence BCT, outcome consequence BCT and their child classes. If there is no clear evidence that feedback was given, code 'observe behaviour without feedback BCT' or 'record behaviour without feedback BCT'.
provide feedback BCT
Published
A provide feedback BCT that provides information about the person's previous performance of the behaviour.
provide feedback on behaviour BCT
Published
A monitoring BCT in which the person uses a method to monitor and record their behaviour.
self-monitoring
if self-monitoring of outcome of behaviour, code 'self-monitor outcome of behaviour BCT'.
If monitoring is part of a data collection procedure rather than a strategy aimed at changing behaviour, do not code
self-monitor behaviour BCT
Published
A monitoring BCT in which the person uses a method to monitor and record an outcome of their behaviour.
if self-monitoring behaviour, code 'self-monitor behaviour BCT'.
If monitoring is part of a data collection procedure rather than a strategy aimed at changing behaviour, do not code
self-monitor outcome of behaviour BCT
Using a pedometer to keep track of number of steps taken in a day.
Published
A provide feedback BCT that provides information about the functioning or state of the person's body, based on information collected by an external monitoring device.
biofeedback
provide biofeedback BCT
Published
A provide feedback BCT that provides information about an outcome of the person's previous performance of the behaviour.
provide feedback on outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that involves taking steps to secure or deliver the support or aid of another person.
Attending a group class and/or mention of ‘follow-up’ does not necessarily apply this BCT, support must be explicitly mentioned.
social support BCT
Published
A social support BCT that involves advising the person to seek support from another person.
Where an "advise to seek support BCT" is used together with an "arrange support BCT," this constitutes connecting to social support as used in social prescribing. Attending a group class and/or mention of ‘follow-up’ does not necessarily apply this BCT, support must be explicitly mentioned
advise to seek support BCT
Published
An advise to seek support BCT that suggests the person try to obtain support from another in terms of tangible aid.
advise to seek instrumental support BCT
Published
An advise to seek support BCT that suggests the person try to obtain support from another in terms of expressing concern, caring and empathy.
advise to seek emotional support BCT
Published
An advise to seek support BCT that suggests the person try to obtain support from another in terms of advice, suggestions and information.
advise to seek informational support BCT
Published
An advise to seek support BCT that suggests the person try to obtain support from another in terms of information that will aid the person in evaluating themself or the situation.
advise to seek appraisal support BCT
Published
A social support BCT that organises support from another for the person.
Where an "arrange support BCT" is used together with an "advise to seek support BCT", this constitutes "connecting to support" as used in social prescribing. Attending a group class and/or mention of ‘follow-up’ does not necessarily apply this BCT, support must be explicitly mentioned
arrange support BCT
Published
An arrange support BCT that organises support from another in terms of tangible aid.
arrange instrumental support BCT
Published
An arrange support BCT that organises support from another in terms of expressing concern, caring and empathy.
arrange emotional support BCT
Published
An arrange support BCT that organises support from another in terms of advice, suggestions and information.
arrange informational support BCT
Published
An arrange support BCT that organises support from another in terms of information that will aid the person in evaluating themself or the situation.
arrange appraisal support BCT
Published
A social support BCT that directly provides support to the person.
social support
Attending a group class and/or mention of ‘follow-up’ does not necessarily apply this BCT, support must be explicitly mentioned
deliver support BCT
Published
A deliver support BCT that provides tangible aid.
instrumental social support, practical social support
deliver instrumental support BCT
Published
A deliver support BCT that provides expressions of concern, caring and empathy.
emotional social support
deliver emotional support BCT
Published
A deliver support BCT that provides advice, suggestions and information.
information social support
deliver informational support BCT
Published
A deliver support BCT that provides information that will aid the person in evaluating themself or the situation.
appraisal social support
deliver appraisal support BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that provides guidance regarding how to perform the behaviour.
guide how to perform behaviour BCT
Published
A guide how to perform behaviour BCT that involves reaching consensus on how to perform the behaviour.
agree on how to perform behaviour BCT
Published
A suggest different perspective on behaviour BCT that involves providing factual information to the person regarding triggers or influences that precede the initiation of the behaviour.
trigger recognition, understanding of antecedents
inform about antecedents BCT
Published
A suggest different perspective on behaviour BCT that involves eliciting the person's beliefs about, and suggesting alternative beliefs about, the causes of the behaviour.
re-attribution
re-attribute cause BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that advises on how to identify and test hypotheses about the behaviour, its causes and consequences.
behavioural experiment
conduct a behavioural experiment BCT
Published
A guide how to perform behaviour BCT that provides an observable sample of the performance of the behaviour for the person to aspire to or imitate.
modelling, observational learning
If provided with instructions on how to perform, also code 'instruct how to perform behaviour BCT'.
If advised to practice, also code 'practise behaviour BCT'
demonstrate the behaviour BCT
Published
A suggest different perspective on behaviour BCT that involves reattributing a person's successes to internal, stable or global factors or failures to external, unstable or specific factors.
cognitive re-structuring, re-attribution
reframe past behaviour BCT
Published
A suggest different perspective on behaviour BCT that draws the person's attention to the discrepancies between current or past behaviour and self-identity.
cognitive dissonance
draw attention to incompatible beliefs BCT
Published
A guide how to perform behaviour BCT that involves telling the person how to perform the behaviour.
skills training, instruction
When the person attends classes such as exercise or cookery, code 'instruct how to perform behaviour BCT', 'practise behaviour BCT', and 'demonstrate the behaviour BCT'.
instruct how to perform a behaviour BCT
Published
A prompt thinking related to successful performance BCT that reminds the person of their skills and abilities that are relevant to the performance of the behaviour.
remind about personal capability BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that advises the person to plan a way of performing the behaviour that is pleasurable or satisfying.
plan inclusion of enjoyment BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that draws attention to consequences of the behaviour in the normal course of events.
increase awareness of consequences BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that provides information about the physical or mental health consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
consequences for well-being, health effects, wellness outcomes
emphasising importance of consequences is not sufficient.
Consequences can be for any target, not just the recipient(s) of the intervention
inform about health consequences BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that provides information about the social consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
social effects, community repercussions
emphasising importance of consequences is not sufficient.
Consequences can be for any target, not just the recipient(s) of the intervention
inform about social consequences BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that provides information about the emotional consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
affective outcomes, emotional effects, consequences on emotions
emphasising importance of consequences is not sufficient. Consequences can be related to emotional health disorders (e.g. depression, anxiety) and/or states of mind (e.g. low mood, stress).
Consequences can be for any target, not just the recipient(s) of the intervention
inform about emotional consequences BCT
Published
A monitoring BCT that involves the person assessing their emotions after performing the behaviour.
monitor emotional consequences BCT
Published
An inform about emotional consequences BCT that focuses on expectations of remorse after performing or not performing the behaviour.
If suggests adoption of a perspective or new perspective in order to change cognitions also code 'suggest different perspective on behaviour BCT' or one of its child classes
induce anticipated regret BCT
Published
An awareness of consequences BCT that changes behaviour by the source emphasising the consequences of performing a behaviour to the person in a way that makes them memorable.
significance of outcomes, importance of consequences, relevance of results
Consider also coding one of "inform about health consequences", "inform about emotional consequences", "inform about social consequences", or their child classes
increase salience of consequences BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that advises identification and comparison of the positive and negative consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
decisional balance, weighing pros and cons
consider pros and cons BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that guides the person to imagine and compare the consequences of performing and not performing the behaviour.
imagining future results
prompt comparative imagining of future outcomes BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that increases awareness of what other people think, do, or feel.
awareness of other peoples thoughts, feelings and actions BCT
Published
An awareness of other people's thoughts, feelings and actions BCT that draws attention to other people's behaviour and compares it with the person's own behaviour.
social comparison
Being in a group setting does not necessarily mean that social comparison is actually taking place
prompt social comparison BCT
Published
An awareness of other people's thoughts, feelings and actions BCT that increases awareness of whether others will like, approve, dislike, or disapprove of the behaviour.
increase awareness of others approval BCT
Published
An awareness of other people's thoughts, feelings and actions BCT that presents information from a credible person or organisation to influence the behaviour.
Code this BCT if influence generally agreed on as credible e.g., health professionals, celebrities or words used to indicate expertise or leader in field and if the communication has the aim of persuading
present information from credible influence BCT
Published
An awareness of other people's thoughts, feelings and actions BCT that involves sharing a view about what behaviour the person should do.
encourage to change behaviour
An example of the "suggest to change behaviour BCT" would be saying to someone: "I think you should do this behaviour" whereas an example of the "Tell to change behaviour BCT" is saying "Do this behaviour". This class includes "strongly encourage".
suggest to change behaviour BCT
Published
An awareness of other people's thoughts, feelings and actions BCT that involves telling the person to perform the behaviour.
instruct, command
An example of the "Tell to change behaviour BCT" is saying "Do this behaviour" whereas an example of the "suggest to change behaviour BCT" would be saying to someone: "I think you should do this behaviour."
tell to change behaviour BCT
Published
An awareness of other people's thoughts, feelings and actions BCT that makes an emotional or earnest appeal to change the person's behaviour.
implore to change behaviour BCT
Published
An associative learning BCT that involves creating, strengthening or reducing an association between the behaviour and an environmental trigger.
alter external stimulus BCT
Published
An alter external stimulus BCT that involves introducing an external stimulus to facilitate the behaviour for which an intention has previously been formed.
prompts
When a stimulus is linked to a specific action in an if-then plan including one or more of frequency, duration or intensity also code 'action planning BCT'
prompt intended action BCT
Published
An alter external stimulus BCT that introduces external information that is already associated with the behaviour in order to elicit that behaviour.
cues
When a stimulus is linked to a specific action in an if-then plan including one or more of frequency, duration or intensity also code 'action planning BCT'
cue BCT
Published
An alter external stimulus BCT that identifies an external stimulus that reliably signals that reward will follow the behaviour.
discriminative stimulus for reward
cue signalling reward BCT
Published
An alter external stimulus BCT in which cues for the behaviour are presented less frequently.
fading
The reduction in frequency of cue presentation can be gradual or rapid. This BCT is concerned with reducing the frequency of cue presentation. In contrast, in "reduce exposure to cues for the behaviour BCT", the cue frequency may remain unchanged but the person's exposure to the presentation of the cue is reduced.
reduce cue frequency BCTs
Published
An alter external stimulus BCT that sustains the person's exposure to a stimulus associated with the behaviour.
exposure
expose to stimulus BCT
Published
An expose to stimulus BCT that provides sustained exposure to a stimulus to reduce or extinguish an unwanted behaviour.
arrange satiation BCT
Published
An expose to stimulus BCT that gradually exposes the person to an aversive stimulus while also engaging them in a relaxation process to reduce the response to that stimulus.
systematically desensitise BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that involves repeated pairing of a stimulus with another stimulus or with a behavioural outcome.
Classical conditioning, Pavlovian conditioning
When this BCT involves reward or punishment, consider 'behavioural consequence BCT' and its child classes
associative learning BCT
Published
An associative learning BCT that involves repeated pairing of a neutral stimulus with a stimulus that already elicits the behaviour until the neutral stimulus elicits the behaviour.
Classical conditioning, Pavlovian conditioning
associative learning to elicit behaviour BCT
Published
An associative learning BCT that stops the presentation of a reward for the behaviour.
extinction, elimination of reinforcement
associative learning to extinguish behaviour BCT
Published
An advise specific behaviour BCT that advises repetition of the behaviour in a way that has the function of increasing the skill in performing the behaviour.
skill practise, rehearsal
If aiming to associate performance with the context, also code 'context-specific repetition of behaviour BCT'
practise behaviour BCT
Published
An advise specific behaviour BCT that advises the person to replace the unwanted behaviour with another behaviour.
behaviour replacement, alternative response
If this occurs regularly, also code 'context-specific repetition of alternative behaviour BCT'
substitute behaviour BCT
Published
An advise specific behaviour BCT that advises the person to repeat the behaviour in the same context.
habit formation, habit development
For the purposes of this BCT, preceding behaviour can be considered part of the context. Also code 'practise behaviour BCT'
context-specific repetition of behaviour BCT
Published
An advise specific behaviour BCT that advises the person to repeat an alternative behaviour consistently in a context that previously elicited an unwanted behaviour.
habit reversal, breaking a habit, habit elimination
For the purposes of this BCT, preceding behaviour can be considered part of the context. Also code 'substitute behaviour BCT'
context-specific repetition of alternative behaviour BCT
Published
An advise specific behaviour BCT that advises the person to repeat a wanted behaviour in an exaggerated way following performance of an unwanted behaviour.
overcorrection, remedial overcompensation
overcorrect unwanted behaviour BCT
Published
An advise specific behaviour BCT that advises the person to perform the behaviour which is already performed in a particular context, in a similar context.
universalisation of behaviour
generalise behaviour BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that sets easy-to-perform tasks for the person, making them increasingly difficult, but achievable, until the behaviour is performed.
graded tasks
set graded tasks BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that alters the consequences or promised consequences for the behaviour.
behavioural consequence BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that guides the person to imagine performing the unwanted behaviour in a real-life situation followed by experiencing an unpleasant consequence for performing that behaviour.
covert sensitisation
imagine punishment BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that guides the person to imagine performing the wanted behaviour in a real-life situation followed by experiencing a pleasant consequence for performing that behaviour.
covert conditioning
imagine reward BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that prompts observation of another person being rewarded when they perform the behaviour.
vicarious reinforcement
vicarious reward BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that prompts observation of another person being punished when they perform the behaviour.
vicarious punishment BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that involves the person communicating their intention to achieve a goal.
The goal being made public can be in terms of behaviour (e.g. to walk for 30 minutes a day) or an outcome of behaviour (e.g. to lose 5kg of body weight)
make a goal public BCT
Advise the person to carry food calorie information to reduce burden on memory when deciding what to eat.
Published
A manage mental processes BCT that advises a way to minimise demands on mental resources.
conserve mental resources BCT
asking someone to smoke lots of cigarettes as a part of a quit smoking intervention.
Published
An advise specific behaviour BCT that advises the person to engage in an unwanted behaviour in a way that is aversive.
paradoxical instructions
advise paradoxical behaviour BCT
bariatric surgery meaning a person has to limit their food intake
increasing physical strength or flexibility to facilitate walking outdoors
Published
A behaviour change technique that alters the structure or functioning of the person's body.
change the body BCT
asserting that the person can and will succeed.
Arguing against self-doubts
Published
A prompt thinking related to successful performance BCT that persuades the person that they can successfully perform the behaviour.
persuade about personal capability BCT
Published
A prompt thinking related to successful performance BCT that prompts the person to practise imagining performing the behaviour well in a relevant context.
prompt mental rehearsal of successful performance BCT
Published
A prompt thinking related to successful performance BCT that prompts the person to think about previous successful performance of the behaviour.
prompt focus on past success BCT
Published
A prompt thinking related to successful performance BCT that promotes the use of positive self-talk before or during the behaviour.
Self-talk could be about the behaviour or the context of the behaviour. Self-talk does not need to be spoken aloud
prompt self-talk BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that advises the person to find ways to remind themselves of their behavioural goal.
advise to keep behaviour goal in mind BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that advises the person to find ways to remind themselves of their goal in terms of a desired outcome of performing the behaviour.
advise to keep outcome goal in mind BCT
Training on the stop signal task
Practising the Go/No-Go task
Published
A manage mental processes BCT that promotes a task that trains the person to control automatic responses.
Automatic responses can include impulses, habits or emotions that lead to the unwanted behaviour.
enable person to manage automatic responses BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique promoting medicines or other drugs.
If pharmacological support to reduce negative emotions (i.e. anxiety) then also code 'advise how to reduce negative emotions BCT'
promote pharmacological support BCT
Published
A promote pharmacological support BCT that provides the person with medicines or other drugs.
provide pharmacological support BCT
Published
A promote pharmacological support BCT that encourages the person to use medicines or other drugs.
encourage pharmacological support BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that suggests a method to alter emotions.
This is a broad category. It can include both advising people on ways to change emotions and directly intervening to change emotions.
advise how to change emotions BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that alters the environment in which the behaviour is, or would have been, performed in a way that facilitates or impedes the behaviour.
restructure the environment BCT
Example 1: Changing meal portion size to reduce the amount people eat at a sitting.
Example 2: Removing unhealthy snacks from the till area in supermarkets to reduce impulse buying of these items.
Example 3: Organisation wide use of ‘red time’ notices that people can put on their door or desk to signal that they are not to be interrupted in order to increase productivity.
Published
A restructure the physical environment BCT that changes the person’s directly experienced environment at the time the behaviour is, or would have been, performed.
directly restructure the physical environment BCT
Example 1: Putting cigarette packs out of sight in shops in order to promote smoking cessation or reduce smoking uptake
Example 2: Introducing safe cycle routes in residential neighbourhood to increase frequency of initiating journeys from home by bicycle.
Published
A restructure the physical environment BCT that changes the person's environment at a time or location other than when and where the behaviour is performed.
indirectly restructure the physical environment BCT
Published
An alter external stimulus BCT that reduces an external stimulus that signals the behaviour.
The reduction in exposure can be gradual, as in the technique of "fading" or not so gradual. This BCT is concerned with reducing the person's exposure to the cue, while the cue frequency may remain unchanged. In contrast, "reduce cue frequency BCT" is concerned with a reduction in the number of times with which the cue is presented. This BCT may also involve 'restructure the physical environment BCT' and/or 'restructure the social environment BCT'.
reduce exposure to cues for the behaviour BCT
Published
An manage mental processes BCT that advises the person to find an alternative focus for attention in order to avoid internal or external states or events associated with an unwanted behaviour.
attention shift
advise distraction BCT
Published
A restructure the physical environment BCT that organises an alternative focus for attention for the person to avoid internal or external states or events associated with an unwanted behaviour.
attention shift
provide distraction BCT
Published
A restructure the physical environment BCT that adds objects to the person's physical surroundings.
Provision of information (e.g. written, verbal, visual) in a booklet or leaflet is insufficient. If this is accompanied by social support, also code 'social support BCT' or one of its child classes. If the environment is changed beyond the addition of objects, also code 'directly restructure the physical environment BCT' and/or 'indirectly restructure the physical environment BCT'.
add objects to the environment BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that prompts the person to focus on their mental representation of themself.
self-perception
prompt focus on self-identity BCT
Published
A prompt focus on self-identity BCT that informs the person that their behaviour may be an example to others.
identify self as role model BCT
Published
A prompt focus on self-identity BCT that advises engagement in activities that affirm the person's valued attributes.
self-affirmation, personal affirmation
affirm valued self-identity BCT
Published
A prompt focus on self-identity BCT that promotes the adoption of a self-identity as someone who engages in the behaviour that is different from their previous behaviour.
adopt changed self-identity BCT
Published
A prompt focus on self-identity BCT that promotes the adoption of a positive self-identity as someone who currently engages in the behaviour.
adopt positive self-identity BCT
Published
An add objects to the environment BCT that adds an object to the person’s directly experienced environment at the time the behaviour is, or would have been, performed.
add objects to the directly experienced environment BCT
Published
An add objects to the environment BCT that adds an object to the person’s environment at a time or location other than when and where the behaviour is performed.
add objects to the indirectly experienced environment BCT
Published
An advise how to change emotions BCT that suggests the person perform a particular behaviour to change an emotion.
behavioural activation in cognitive-behavioural therapy
advise behavioural ways to change emotions BCT
Published
An advise how to change emotions BCT that suggests the person deliberately use a particular mental process.
The target of the mental process advised by this BCT will be an emotion. If a BCT suggests adopting a different cognitive perspective on behaviour, which then changes emotions, use "suggest different perspective on behaviour BCT" or one of its child classes. A mental process is something that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour.
advise cognitive ways to change emotions BCT
Published
An advise how to change emotions BCT that suggests the person use a method that stimulates one or more senses.
advise to use aromatherapy to reduce stress
advise to listen to up-tempo music to increase happiness
advise sensory ways to change emotions BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that advises the person to perform a behaviour in a particular way to help change the target behaviour.
In this BCT, the behaviour the person is advised to perform may not necessarily be the target behaviour, but performing the advised behaviour is thought to help change the targeted behaviour.
advise specific behaviour BCT
Published
An advise specific behaviour BCT that advises the person to refrain from engaging in the behaviour in a specified context.
For the purposes of this BCT, preceding behaviour can be considered part of the context
context-specific non-enactment of behaviour BCT
Published
An expose to stimulus BCT that involves sustained exposure to an aversive stimulus to reduce the likelihood of the behaviour when encountering that stimulus.
flooding
expose to sustained aversive stimulus BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that enables the person to engage in an alternative rewarding behaviour that increases the likelihood of goal achievement.
facilitate alternative goal-directed activity BCT
Published
An expose to stimulus BCT that involves gradually increasing exposure to an aversive stimulus to reduce the likelihood of the behaviour when encountering that stimulus.
graded exposure
gradually increase exposure to aversive stimulus BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that draws attention to the behaviour.
This class concerns raising awareness of the behaviour itself. Where a BCT increases awareness of the consequences of behaviour, rather than the behaviour itself, use "increase awareness of consequences BCT" or one of its child classes
increase awareness of behaviour BCT
Published
An increase awareness of behaviour BCT that draws attention to the possibility of performing a novel behaviour.
This class concerns raising awareness of a novel behaviour that one might not have known was an option. If not a novel behaviour, consider "suggest how to perform behaviour BCT".
increase awareness of option of novel behaviour BCT
Mask use at the start of the Covid pandemic through symbols/signs of masks in public spaces
Published
An increase awareness of behaviour BCT that makes the possibility of performing the behaviour more distinctive or prominent.
salience of behaviour
increase salience of behaviour BCT
Published
An increase awareness of consequences BCT that provides information about the environmental consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
environmental effects, ecological impacts
emphasising importance of consequences is not sufficient.
Consequences can be for any target, not just the recipient(s) of the intervention
inform about environmental consequences BCT
Published
An inform about emotional consequences BCT that provides information about the negative emotional consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
inform about negative emotional consequences BCT
Published
An inform about environmental consequences BCT that provides information about the negative environmental consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
inform about negative environmental consequences BCT
Published
An inform about health consequences BCT that provides information about the negative physical or mental health consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
inform about negative health consequences BCT
Published
An inform about social consequences BCT that provides information about the negative social consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
inform about negative social consequences BCT
Published
An inform about emotional consequences BCT that provides information about the positive emotional consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
inform about positive emotional consequences BCT
Published
An inform about environmental consequences BCT that provides information about the positive environmental consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
inform about positive environmental consequences BCT
Published
An inform about health consequences BCT that provides information about the positive physical or mental health consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
inform about positive health consequences BCT
Published
An inform about social consequences BCT that provides information about the positive social consequences of performing or not performing the behaviour.
inform about positive social consequences BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that advises how to manage mental processes to facilitate the behaviour.
A mental process is something that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour.
manage mental processes BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that alters the consequences or promised consequences for an outcome that results from performing or not performing the behaviour.
outcome consequence BCT
Published
A behavioural consequence BCT that promises a future consequence contingent on performing or not performing the behaviour.
"promises" here means assuring someone that one will do something or that something will happen.
promise consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A behavioural consequence BCT that promises future removal of a consequence contingent on performing or not performing the behaviour.
promise to remove consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is aversive.
threat, warning, disincentive
To qualify as aversive, the consequence should be aversively valued by the person receiving it.
promise aversive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is aversive.
incentive to remove punishment
promise to remove aversive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise aversive consequence for behaviour BCT that promises the consequence will be provided for the behaviour in one situation but not in another.
threat for situation specific behaviour
promise aversive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A promise aversive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material threat
promise aversive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise aversive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material threat for situation specific behaviour
promise aversive material consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A promise aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
promise aversive material consequence for outcome of behaviour
Published
A promise consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is aversive.
threat, warning, disincentive
promise aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is aversive.
incentive to remove punishment
promise to remove aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise aversive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social threat
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise aversive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise aversive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social threat for situation specific behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise aversive social consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A promise aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise aversive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
An outcome consequence BCT that promises a future consequence contingent on an outcome of performing or not performing the behaviour.
"promises" here means assuring someone that one will do something or that something will happen.
promise consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
An outcome consequence BCT that promises future removal of a consequence contingent on an outcome of performing or not performing the behaviour.
promise to remove consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is positive.
incentive
To qualify as positive, the consequence should be positively valued by the person receiving it. If consequence is delivered, also code 'provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT' or one of its child classes.
promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is positive.
threaten to remove reward
promise to remove positive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT that promises the consequence will be provided for the behaviour that is different from the unwanted behaviour.
incentive for alternative behaviour
promise positive consequence for alternative behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is provided as the performance gradually gets closer to the behaviour.
incentive for approximating behaviour
promise positive consequence for approximating behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence will be provided for performing the final behaviour in a sequence of behaviours, followed by adding behaviours that occur earlier in the sequence.
incentive for completion of behavioural sequence
promise positive consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT that promises the consequence will be provided for the behaviour that is incompatible with the unwanted behaviour.
incentive for incompatible behaviour
promise positive consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT that promises the consequence will be provided for the behaviour in one situation but not in another.
incentive for situation specific behaviour
promise positive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material incentive
promise positive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for alternative behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material incentive for alternative behaviour
promise positive material consequence for alternative behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for approximating behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material incentive for approximating behaviour
promise positive material consequence for approximating behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material incentive for completion of behavioural sequence
promise positive material consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material incentive for incompatible behaviour
promise positive material consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material incentive for situation specific behaviour
promise positive material consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
promise positive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is positive
incentive
promise positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is positive.
threaten to remove reward
promise to remove positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social incentive
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise positive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for alternative behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social incentive for alternative behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise positive social consequence for alternative behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for approximating behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social incentive for approximating behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise positive social consequence for approximating behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social incentive for completion of behavioural sequence
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise positive social consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social incentive for incompatible behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise positive social consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social incentive for situation specific behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise positive social consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise positive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise aversive consequence for behaviour BCT that promises to provide the consequence at increasingly less frequent intervals.
reduce threat frequency
promise reduced frequency of aversive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise reduced frequency of aversive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
reduce material threat frequency
promise reduced frequency of aversive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise reduced frequency of aversive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
reduce social threat frequency
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise reduced frequency of aversive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT that promises to provide the consequence at increasingly less frequent intervals.
reduce incentive frequency
promise reduced frequency of positive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise reduced frequency of positive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
reduce material incentive frequency
promise reduced frequency of positive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise reduced frequency of positive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
reduce social incentive frequency
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise reduced frequency of positive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove aversive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
incentive to remove material punishment
promise to remove aversive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
incentive to remove material punishment
promise to remove aversive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove aversive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process
incentive to remove social punishment
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise to remove aversive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
incentive to remove social punishment
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise to remove aversive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove positive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
threaten to remove material reward
promise to remove positive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
threaten to remove material reward
promise to remove positive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove positive consequence for behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process
threaten to remove social reward
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise to remove positive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A promise to remove positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
threaten to remove social reward
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
promise to remove positive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that prompts thinking relating to successful performance of the behaviour.
prompt thinking related to successful performance BCT
Published
A behavioural consequence BCT that provides a consequence for the behaviour.
provide consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is aversive.
punishment
To qualify as aversive, the consequence should be aversively valued by the person receiving it.
provide aversive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for behaviour BCT that provides the consequence for the behaviour in one situation but not in another.
punishment for situation specific behaviour
provide aversive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material punishment
provide aversive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material punishment for situation specific behaviour
provide aversive material consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material punishment
provide aversive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is aversive.
punishment
To qualify as aversive, the consequence should be aversively valued by the person receiving it.
provide aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social punishment
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide aversive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social punishment for situation specific behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide aversive social consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social punishment
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide aversive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
An outcome consequence BCT that provides a consequence for an outcome resulting from performing or not performing the behaviour.
provide consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Provide a reward for consuming low sugar food instead of high sugar food
Published
A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT that provides the consequence for a behaviour that is different from the unwanted behaviour.
differential reinforcement, reward for alternative behaviour
provide positive consequence for alternative behaviour BCT
Published
A provide consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is positive.
positive reinforcement, reward
To qualify as positive, the consequence should be positively valued by the person receiving it. If informed of consequence in advance of rewarded behaviour, also code 'promise positive consequence for behaviour BCT' or one of its child classses.
provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT
Reward a person who has recently had a stroke who is learning to use cutlery again
Published
A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is provided as the performance gradually gets closer to the behaviour.
shaping, reward for approximating behaviour
provide positive consequence for approximating behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is provided for performing the final behaviour in a sequence of behaviours, followed by adding behaviours that occur earlier in the sequence.
backward chaining, reward for completion of behavoural sequence
provide positive consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT
Provide a reward when a person folds their arms or sits on their hands instead of touching their face.
Published
A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT that provides the consequence for a behaviour that is incompatible with the unwanted behaviour.
counter-conditioning, reward for incompatible behaviour
provide positive consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT that provides the consequence for the behaviour in one situation but not in another.
discrimination training, reward for situation specific behaviour
provide positive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material reward, tangible reinforcement
provide positive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for alternative behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material reward for alternative behaviour
provide positive material consequence for alternative behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for approximating behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material reward for approximating behaviour
provide positive material consequence for approximating behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material reward for completion of behavoural sequence
provide positive material consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material reward for incompatible behaviour
provide positive material consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material reward for situation specific behaviour
provide positive material consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
material reward, tangible reinforcement
provide positive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is positive.
positive reinforcement, reward
To qualify as positive, the consequence should be positively valued by the person receiving it.
provide positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social reward
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide positive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for alternative behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social reward for alternative behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide positive social consequence for alternative behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for approximating behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social reward for approximating behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide positive social consequence for approximating behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social reward for completion of behavoural sequence
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide positive social consequence for completion of behavioural sequence BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social reward for incompatible behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide positive social consequence for incompatible behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social reward for situation specific behaviour
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide positive social consequence for situation specific behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
social reward
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide positive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide reduced frequency of positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
reduce material reward frequency
provide reduced frequency of positive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for behaviour BCT that provides the consequence at increasingly less frequent intervals.
reduce punishment frequency
provide reduced frequency of aversive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide reduced frequency of aversive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
reduce material punishment frequency
provide reduced frequency of aversive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide reduced frequency of aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
reduce material punishment frequency
provide reduced frequency of aversive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT that provides the consequence at increasingly less frequent intervals.
reduce punishment frequency
provide reduced frequency of aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide reduced frequency of aversive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
reduce social punishment frequency
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide reduced frequency of aversive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide reduced frequency of aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
reduce social punishment frequency
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide reduced frequency of aversive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for behaviour BCT that provides the consequence at increasingly less frequent intervals.
thinning, reduce reward frequency
provide reduced frequency of positive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide reduced frequency of positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
reduce material reward frequency
provide reduced frequency of positive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT that provides the consequence at increasingly less frequent intervals.
thinning, reduce reward frequency
provide reduced frequency of positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A provide reduced frequency of positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
reduce social reward frequency
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide reduced frequency of positive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A provide reduced frequency of positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
reduce social reward frequency
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
provide reduced frequency of positive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A restructure the physical environment BCT that reduces an alternative focus for attention for the person to concentrate on internal or external states or events associated with the behaviour.
Reducing a distraction to zero is equivalent to removing a distraction
reduce distraction BCT
Published
A behavioural consequence BCT that removes a previously provided consequence for performing the behaviour.
remove consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A remove consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is aversive.
negative reinforcement, remove punishment
To qualify as aversive, the consequence should have been aversively valued by the person receiving it.
remove aversive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A remove aversive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
remove material punishment
remove aversive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A remove aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
remove material punishment
remove aversive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A remove consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT in which the consequence is aversive.
negative reinforcement, remove punishment
To qualify as aversive, the consequence should have been aversively valued by the person receiving it.
remove aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A remove aversive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
remove social punishment
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
remove aversive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A remove aversive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
remove social punishment
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
remove aversive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
An outcome consequence BCT that removes a previously provided consequence for an outcome resulting from performing or not performing the behaviour.
remove consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A remove consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is positive.
time out, response cost, extinction, remove reward
To qualify as positive, the consequence should have been positively valued by the person receiving it.
remove positive consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A remove positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
remove material reward
remove positive material consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A remove positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT in which the consequence is money, vouchers or other valued objects.
remove material reward
remove positive material consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A remove consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT in which the consequence is positive.
remove reward
To qualify as positive, the consequence should have been positively valued by the person receiving it.
remove positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A remove positive consequence for behaviour BCT where the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
remove social reward
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
remove positive social consequence for behaviour BCT
Published
A remove positive consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT in which the consequence is an interpersonal process or a proxy interpersonal process.
remove social reward
A proxy interpersonal process is where the person interacts with a chatbot, digital assistant, or similar computer program designed to simulate and process human communication
remove positive social consequence for outcome of behaviour BCT
Published
A goal directed BCT that reviews progress towards a behavioural goal and considers modifying the plan to achieve the goal.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving.
review behaviour goal plan BCT
Published
A set behaviour goal BCT that describes the behaviour to be achieved in terms of a measurable target.
A behaviour goal might be set in general terms e.g. "to do more physical activity" or in measurable terms e.g. "to do 30 minutes of physical activity five times a week" or "to walk 8000 steps a day." Use this class for measurable behaviour goals
set measurable behaviour goal BCT
Published
A set outcome goal BCT that describes the behavioural outcome to be achieved in terms of a measurable target.
An outcome goal might be set in general terms - e.g. "to lose weight" or in measurable terms - e.g. "to lose 5kg of weight" or "to lose 10% of my body weight". Use this class for measurable outcome goals
set measurable outcome goal BCT
Published
A behaviour change technique that suggests the deliberate adoption of a new perspective on the behaviour.
cognitive reframing
suggest different perspective on behaviour BCT
Published
A guide how to perform behaviour BCT that provides a suggestion regarding how to perform the behaviour.
suggest how to perform behaviour BCT
Published
An intervention delivery in which the intervention is a behaviour change intervention.
BCI delivery
behaviour change intervention delivery
Includes the start and end of the BCI and its parts.
Published
A BCI attribute that involves its temporal organisation.
BCI schedule of delivery
behaviour change intervention schedule of delivery
This includes individual people, groups of people, and organisations.
Published
A role played by a person, population or organisation that provides a BCI.
BCI source
behaviour change intervention source
Published
A behaviour change intervention source role that inheres in a person.
person source role
Published
A person who is the bearer of a behaviour change intervention source role.
person source
Published
A role that inheres in a person source.
personal role of source
Interventionist, facilitator, study staff
Published
A personal role of source that is realised by doing a specified type of work or working in a specified way.
occupational role of source
Commercial Managers
Administrative Managers
Chief Executive Officers
Published
An occupational role of source that manages, plans and coordinates the overall activities of enterprises, governments and other organisations.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 1
manager
Published
An occupational role that works in knowledge building activities, applies scientific or artistic concepts and theories or teaches about the foregoing in a systematic manner.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2
professional
Science Professional, Mathematician, Actuary, Statistician, Life Science Professional, Engineering Professional, Electrotechnology Engineer, Architect, Planner, Surveyor, Designer
Published
A professional that conducts research, improves or develops concepts, theories and operational methods or applies scientific knowledge.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 21
science and engineering professional
Arts therapist, Chiropractor, Dance and movement therapist, Occupational therapist, Osteopath, Podiatrist, Recreational therapist, Health staff, Clinic staff
Health professional
Published
A professional that improves or develops concepts, theories and operational method, and applied scientific knowledge relating to medicine, nursing, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy, and promotion of health.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 22
health professional
District medical doctor-therapist, family medical practitioner, general practitioner, medical doctor (general), medical officer (general), physician (general), primary health care physician, resident medical officer specializing in general practice
Published
A health professional that studies, diagnoses, treats and prevents illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans through the application of modern medicine. They plan, supervise and evaluate the implementation of care and treatment plans by other health care providers, and conduct medical education and research activities.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 221
medical doctor
Primary care physician, family doctor, GP
Published
A medical doctor that diagnoses, treats and prevents illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments and maintains general health in humans through application of modern medicine. They do not limit their practice to certain disease categories or methods of treatment, and may assume responsibility for the provision of continuing and comprehensive medical care to individuals, families and communities.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2211
generalist medical practitioner
Anaesthetist, Cardiologist, Emergency medicine specialist, Gynaecologist, Obstetrician, Ophthalmologist, Paediatrician, Pathologist, Preventive medicine specialist, Psychiatrist, Radiation oncologist, Radiologist, Resident medical officer in specialist training, Specialist medical practitioner (public health), Specialist physician (internal medicine), Specialist physician (nuclear medicine), Surgeon
Published
A medical doctor that diagnoses, treats and prevents illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments in humans, using specialized testing, diagnostic, medical, surgical, physical and psychiatric techniques through application of the principles and procedures of modern medicine. They specialize in certain disease categories, types of patient or methods of treatment and may conduct medical education and research in their chosen areas of specialization.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2212
specialist medical practitioner
Published
A health professional that provides treatment and care services for people who are physically or mentally ill, disabled or infirm, and those with potential risks to health including before, during and after childbirth. They assume responsibility for the planning, management and evaluation of the care of patients, including the supervision of other health care workers, working autonomously or in teams with medical doctors and others in the practical application of preventive and curative measures.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 222
nursing and midwifery professional
Clinical nurse consultant, District nurse, Nurse anaesthetist, Nurse educator, Nurse practitioner, Operating theatre nurse, Professional nurse, Public health nurse, Specialist nurse, Nursing Counsellor, Study Nurse
Published
A health professional that provides treatment, support and care services for people who are in need of nursing care due to the effects of ageing, injury, illness or other physical or mental impairment, or potential risks to health.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2221
nursing professional
Midwife
Published
A health professional that plans, manages, provides and evaluates midwifery care services before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. They provide delivery care for reducing health risks to women and newborn children, working autonomously or in teams with other health care providers.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2222
midwifery professional
Acupuncturist, Ayurvedic practitioner, Chinese herbal medicine practitioner, Homeopath, Naturopath, Unani practitioner
Published
A health professional that examines patients, prevents and treats illness, disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments and maintains general health in humans. They do this by applying knowledge, skills and practices acquired through extensive study of the theories, beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 223
traditional and complementary medicine professional
Advanced care paramedic, Clinical officer (paramedical), Feldscher, Primary care paramedic, Surgical technician
Published
A health professional that provides advisory, diagnostic, curative and preventive medical services more limited in scope and complexity than those carried out by medical doctors. They work autonomously or with limited supervision of medical doctors, and apply advanced clinical procedures for treating and preventing diseases, injuries and other physical or mental impairments common to specific communities.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 224
paramedical practitioner
Animal pathologist, Veterinarian, Veterinary epidemiologist, Veterinary intern, Veterinary surgeon
Published
A health professional that diagnoses, prevents and treats diseases, injuries and dysfunctions of animals.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 225
veterinarian
Dental practitioner, Dental surgeon, Dentist, Endodontist, Oral and maxillofacial surgeon, Oral pathologist, Orthodontist, Paedodontist, Periodontist, Prosthodontist, Stomatologist
Published
A health professional that diagnoses treats and prevents diseases, injuries and abnormalities of the teeth, mouth, jaws and associated tissues by applying the principles and procedures of modern dentistry.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2261
dentist
Dispensing chemist, Hospital pharmacist, Industrial pharmacist, Retail pharmacist
Published
A health professional that stores, preserves, compounds and dispenses medicinal products and counsel on the proper use and adverse effects of drugs and medicines following prescriptions issued by medical doctors and other health professionals.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2262
pharmacist
Environmental health officer, Occupational health and safety adviser, Occupational hygienist, Radiation protection expert
Published
A health professional that assesses, plans and implements programmes to recognize, monitor and control environmental factors that can potentially affect human health, to ensure safe and healthy working conditions and to prevent disease or injury caused by chemical, physical, radiological and biological agents or ergonomic factors.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2263
environmental and occupational health and hygiene professional
Geriatric physical therapist, Manipulative therapist, Orthopaedic physical therapist, Paediatric physical therapist, Physical therapist, Physiotherapist
Published
A health professional that assesses, plans and implements rehabilitative programmes that improve or restore human motor functions, maximize movement ability, relieve pain syndromes, and treat or prevent physical challenges associated with injuries, diseases and other impairments.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2264
physiotherapist
Clinical dietician, Food service dietician, Nutritionist, Public health nutritionist, Sports nutritionist
Published
A health professional that assesses, plans and implements programmes to enhance the impact of food and nutrition on human health.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2265
dietician and nutritionist
Audiologist, Language therapist, Speech pathologist, Speech therapist
Published
A health professional that evaluates, manages and treats physical disorders affecting human hearing, speech, communication and swallowing.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2266
audiologist and speech therapist
Ophthalmic optician , Optometrist, Orthoptist
Published
A health professional that provides diagnosis, management and treatment services for disorders of the eyes and visual system.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2267
optometrist and ophthalmic optician
Education Methods Specialist, Other Language Teacher, Information Technology Teacher, Private Tutor, School Counsellor, Student Advisor
Published
A professional that teaches the theory and practice of one or more disciplines at different educational levels.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 23
teaching professional
Higher education lecturer, Professor, University lecturer, University tutor
Published
A teaching professional that prepares and delivers lectures and conduct tutorials in one or more subjects within a prescribed course of study at a university or other higher educational institution. They conduct research, and prepare scholarly papers and books.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 231
university and higher education teacher
Automotive technology instructor, Cosmetology instructor, Vocational education teacher
Published
A teaching professional that teaches or instructs vocational or occupational subjects in adult and further education institutions and to senior students in secondary schools and colleges.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 232
vocational education teacher
Secondary school teacher, High school teacher
Published
A teaching professional that teaches one or more subjects at secondary education level.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 233
secondary education teacher
Published
A teaching professional that teaches teach a range of subjects at the primary education level.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2341
primary school teacher
Early childhood educator, Pre-school teacher
Published
A teaching professional that promotes the social, physical, and intellectual development of children below primary school age through the provision of educational and play activities.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2342
early childhood educator
Learning disabilities special education teacher, Learning support teacher, Remedial teacher, Teacher of gifted children, Teacher of the hearing impaired, Teacher of the sight impaired
Published
A teaching professional that teaches children, young persons or adults with physical or intellectual special needs.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2352
special needs teacher
Guitar teacher (private tuition), Piano teacher (private tuition), Singing teacher (private tuition), Violin teacher (private tuition)
Published
A teaching professional that teaches students in the practice, theory and performance of music in private or small group tuition or within mainstream educational institutions.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2354
music teacher
Dance teacher (private tuition), Drama teacher (private tuition), Painting teacher (private tuition), Sculpture teacher (private tuition)
Published
A teaching professional that teaches students in the practice, theory and performance of dance, drama, visual and other arts (excluding music) in private or small group tuition or within mainstream educational institutions.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2355
arts teacher
Published
A professional that conducts research, improves or develops concepts, theories and operational methods, or applies knowledge relating to the law, social or cultural studies.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 26
legal, social and cultural professional
Lawyer, Judge, Coroner
Published
A legal, social and cultural professional that conducts research on legal problems, advises clients on legal aspects of problems, pleads cases or conducts prosecutions in courts of law, presides over judicial proceedings in courts of law and draft laws and regulations.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 261
legal professional
Librarian, Archivist, Curator
Published
A legal, social and cultural professional that develops and maintains collections of archives, libraries, museums, art galleries and similar establishments.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 262
librarian, archivist and curator
Economist, Sociologist, Anthropologist, Philosopher, Historian, Political Scientist
Published
A legal, social and cultural professional that conducts research, improves or develops concepts, theories and operational methods or applies knowledge relating to psychology, sociology, philosophy, politics, economics, sociology, anthropology, history and other social sciences, or provides social services to meet the needs of individuals and families in a community.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 263
social professional
Clinical psychologist, Counselling psychologist, Educational psychologist, Forensic psychologist, Health psychologist, Neuropsychologist, Organizational psychologist, Psychotherapist, Sport and exercise psychologist
Published
A social professional that studies the mental processes and behaviour of human beings as individuals or in groups, and applies this knowledge to promote personal, social, educational or occupational adjustment and development.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2634
psychologist
Counsellor, Addictions counsellor, Bereavement counsellor, Child and youth counsellor, District social welfare officer, Family counsellor, Marriage counsellor, Parole officer, Probation officer, Sexual assault counsellor, Social worker, Women’s welfare organizer
Published
A social professional that provides advice and guidance to individuals, families, groups, communities and organizations in response to social and personal difficulties. They assist clients to develop skills and access resources and support services needed to respond to issues arising from unemployment, poverty, disability, addiction, criminal and delinquent behaviour, marital and other problems.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2635
social work and counselling professional
Bonze, Imam, Minister of religion, Poojari, Priest, Rabbi
Published
A legal, social and cultural professional that functions as a perpetuator of sacred traditions, practices and beliefs. They conduct religious services, celebrate or administer the rites of a religious faith or denomination, provide spiritual and moral guidance and perform other functions associated with the practice of a religion.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 2636
religious professional
Author, Writer, Journalist, Translator, News anchor
Published
A legal, social and cultural professional that conceives and creates literary works, and interprets and communicates news and public affairs through the media.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 264
author and journalist
other linguist
Interpretator
Published
A legal, social and cultural professional that translates or interprets from one language into another.
linguist
Visual artist, Musician, Singer, Composer, Dancer, Choreographer, Director, Producer, Actor, Announcer on radio, television and other media
Published
A legal, social and cultural professional that communicates ideas, impressions and facts in a wide range of media to achieve particular effects, interprets a composition such as a musical score or a script to perform or direct the performance, and hosts the presentation of such performance and other media events.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 265
creative and performing artist
Published
A professional that performs technical and related tasks connected with research and the application of scientific or artistic concepts and operational methods, and government or business regulations.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3
technician and associate professional
Veterinary Technician
Published
A technician and associate professional that performs technical and practical tasks to support diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments in humans or animals, and supports the implementation of health care usually established by medical, veterinary, nursing and other health professionals.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 32
health associate professional
Medical imaging and therapeutic equipment technician, Medical and Pathology laboratory technician, Pharmaceutical technician, Medical and dental prosthetic technician
Published
A health associate professional that performs technical tasks to assist in diagnosis and treatment of illness, disease, injuries and impairments.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 321
medical and pharmaceutical technician
Practice assistant, Quit Smoking Counsellor, Health educator, Dispensing Optician, Information Technician
Published
A health associate professional that provides basic nursing and personal care for people who are physically or mentally ill, disabled or infirm, and for others in need of care due to potential risks to health including before, during and after childbirth. They generally work under the supervision of, and in support of, implementation of health care, treatment and referrals plans established by medical, nursing, midwifery and other health professionals.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 322
nursing and midwifery associate professional
Assistant nurse, Associate professional nurse, Enrolled nurse, Practical nurse
Published
A nursing and midwifery associate professional that provides basic nursing and personal care for people in need of such care due to effects of ageing, illness, injury, or other physical or mental impairment. They generally work under the supervision of, and in support of, implementation of health care, treatment and referrals plans established by medical, nursing and other health professionals.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3221
nursing associate professional
Assistant midwife, Traditional midwife
Published
A nursing and midwifery associate professional that provides basic health care and advice before, during and after pregnancy and childbirth. They implement care, treatment and referral plans usually established by medical, midwifery and other health professionals.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3222
midwifery associate professional
Acupuncture technician, Ayurvedic technician, Bonesetter, Herbalist , Homeopathy technician, Scraping and cupping therapist, Village healer, Witch doctor
Published
A health associate professional that prevents and treats human physical and mental illnesses, disorders and injuries using herbal and other therapies based on theories, beliefs and experiences originating in specific cultures. They administer treatments using traditional techniques and medicaments, either acting independently or according to therapeutic care plans established by a traditional medicine or other health professional.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 323
traditional and complementary medicine associate professional
Dental assistant, Dental hygienist , Dental therapist
Published
A health associate professional that provides basic dental care services for the prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders of the teeth and mouth, according to care plans and procedures established by a dentist or other oral health professional.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3251
dental assistant and therapist
Community health aide, Community health promoter, Community health worker, Village health worker, outreach worker, health worker
Published
A health associate professional that provides health education, referral and follow-up, case management, basic preventive health care and home visiting services to specific communities. They provide support and assistance to individuals and families in navigating the health and social services system.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3253
community health worker
Acupressure therapist, Electrotherapist, Hydrotherapist, Massage therapist, Physical rehabilitation technician, Physiotherapy technician, Shiatsu therapist
Published
A health associate professional that provides physical therapeutic treatments to patients in circumstances where functional movement is threatened by injury, disease or impairment. Therapies are usually provided according to rehabilitative plans established by a physiotherapist or other health professional.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3255
physiotherapy technician and assistant
Clinical assistant, Medical assistant, Ophthalmic assistant
Published
A health associate professional that performs basic clinical and administrative tasks to support patient care under the direct supervision of a medical practitioner or other health professional.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3256
medical assistant
Food sanitation and safety inspector, Health inspector, Occupational health and safety inspector, Pollution inspector, Product safety inspector, Sanitarian, Sanitary inspector
Published
A health associate professional that investigates the implementation of rules and regulations relating to environmental factors that may affect human health, safety in the
workplace, and safety of processes for the production of goods and services. They may implement and evaluate programmes to restore or improve safety and sanitary conditions under the supervision of a health professional.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3257
environmental and occupational health inspector and associate
Ambulance officer, Ambulance paramedic, Emergency medical technician, Emergency paramedic
Published
A health associate professional that provides emergency health care to patients who are injured, sick, infirm or otherwise physically or mentally impaired prior to and during transport to medical facilities.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3258
ambulance worker
Financial and Mathematical associate professional, Sales and purchasing agent, Broker, Business Services Agent, Administrative and Specialized Secretary, Government regulatory associate professional, Medical secretary
Published
A technician and associate professional that performs mostly technical tasks connected with the practical application of knowledge relating to financial accounting and transaction matters, mathematical calculations, human resource development, selling and buying financial instruments, specialized secretarial tasks and enforcing or applying government rules.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 33
business and administration associate professional
Bailiff, Judge’s clerk, Conveyancing clerk, Court clerk, Justice of the peace, Law clerk, Legal assistant, Paralegal, Private detective, Title searcher
Published
A technician and associate professional that performs support functions in courts of law or in law offices, provide services related to such legal matters as insurance contracts, the transferring of property and the granting of loans and other financial transactions, or conduct investigations for clients.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3411
legal and related associate professional
Community development worker, Community services worker, Crisis intervention worker, Disability services worker, Family services worker, Life skills instructor, Mental health support worker, Welfare support worker, Women’s shelter supervisor, Youth services worker
Published
A technician and associate professional that implements social assistance programmes and community services and assist clients to deal with personal and social problems.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3412
social work associate professional
Faith healer, Lay preacher, Monk, Nun
Published
A technician and associate professional that provides support to ministers of religion or to a religious community, undertake religious works, preach and propagate the teachings of a particular religion and endeavour to improve well-being through the power of faith and spiritual advice.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3413
religious associate professional
physical activity professional, exercise physiologist, exercise therapist, exercise specialist
Published
A technician and associate professional that prepares for and competes in sporting events for financial gain, trains amateur and professional sportsmen and women to enhance performance, promotes participation and standards in sport, organises and officiates sporting events, or provides instruction, training and supervision for various forms of exercise and other recreational activities.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 342
sport and fitness worker
Athlete, Bicycle racer, Boxer, Chess player , Footballer, Golfer, Hockey player, Jockey, Poker player, Racing driver, Skier, Tennis player, Wrestler
Published
A sport and fitness worker that participates in competitive sporting events. They train and compete, either individually or as part of a team, in their chosen sport.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3421
athlete and sports player
Referee, Ski instructor, Sports coach, Sports official, Swimming instructor
Published
A sport and fitness worker that works with amateur and professional sportspersons to enhance performance and encourage greater participation in sport, and organizes and officiates in sporting events according to established rules.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3422
sports coach, instructor and official
Aerobics instructor, Fitness instructor, Horse riding instructor, Outdoor adventure guide, Personal trainer, Sailing instructor, Underwater diving instructor
Published
A sport and fitness worker that leads, guides and instructs groups and individuals in recreational, fitness or outdoor adventure activities.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 3423
fitness and recreation instructor and programme leader
Photographer, Interior designers and decorator, Gallery, museum and library technician, Chef
Published
A technician and associate professional that combines creative skills and technical and cultural knowledge in creative media or food.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 343
artistic, cultural and culinary associate professional
Information and Communications Technology Operations and User Support Technician, Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technician
Published
A technician and associate professional that provides support for the day to day running of computer systems, communication systems and networks, broadcast images and sound, telecommunication signals on land, sea or in aircraft.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 35
information and communications technician
General and Keyboard Clerk, customers Services Clerk, Numerical and Material Recording Clerk
Published
An occupational role that records, organizes, stores, computes and retrieves information, and performs a number of clerical duties in connection with money-handling operations, travel arrangements, requests for information, and appointments.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 4
clerical support worker
Published
An occupational role that provides personal or protective services related to travel, house-keeping, catering, personal care, protection against fire and unlawful acts, or sells goods in retail or markets.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 5
services and sales worker
Travel Attendant, Conductor, Guide, Cook, Waiter, Bartender, Hairdresser, Beautician, Housekeeping Supervisor, Astrologer, Fortune-teller, Valet, Undertaker, Embalmer, Pet Groomer, Animal Care Worker
Published
A services and sales worker that provides personal services related to travel, housekeeping, catering and hospitality, hairdressing and beauty treatment, animal care grooming and training, companionship and other services of a personal nature.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 51
personal services worker
Street Salesperson, Market Salesperson, Shop Salesperson, Cashier, Ticket Clerk, Model, Sales Demonstrator, Door-to-door Salesperson, Contact Centre Salesperson, Service Station Attendant, Food Service Counter Attendant
Published
A services and sales worker that demonstrates goods in wholesale or retail shops, at stalls and markets, door to door, via telephone or customer contact centres. They may record and accept payment for goods and services purchased, and may operate small retail outlets.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 52
sales worker
Personal carer
Published
A services and sales worker that provides care, supervision and assistance for children, patients and elderly, convalescent or disabled persons in institutional and residential settings.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 53
personal care worker
Babysitter, Child care worker, Creche ayah, Family day care worker, Nanny, Out of school hours care worker
Published
A personal care worker that provides care and supervision for children in non-domestic settings.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 5311
child care worker
Pre-school assistant, Teacher’s assistant
Published
A personal care worker that performs non-teaching duties to assist teaching staff, and provides care and supervision for children in schools and pre-schools.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 5312
teachers’ aide
Nursing aide (clinic or hospital), Patient care assistant, Psychiatric aid
Published
A personal care worker that provides direct personal care and assistance with activities of daily living to patients and residents in a variety of health care settings, working in implementation of established care plans and practices, and under the direct supervision of medical, nursing or other health professionals or associate professionals.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 5321
health care assistant
Home birth assistant, Home care aide, Nursing aide (home), Personal care provider
Published
A personal care worker that provide routine personal care and assistance with activities of daily living to persons who are in need of such care due to effects of ageing, illness, injury, or other physical or mental conditions, in private homes and other independent residential settings.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 5322
home-based personal care worker
Firefighter, Police officer, Prison guard, Security guard, Offender manager
Published
A services and sales worker that protects individuals and property against fire and other hazards, maintain law and order and enforce laws and regulations.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 54
protective services worker
Market gardener, Crop grower, Animal Producer, Mixed Crop and Animal Producer, Forestry worker, Fishery worker, Hunter. Subsistence Crop Farmer, Subsistence Livestock Farmer
Published
An occupational role that grows and harvests plants or animals to provide food, shelter and income for themselves and their households.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 6
skilled agricultural, forestry and fishery worker
Building Trade Worker, Metal Workers, Machinery Worker, Handicraft Worker, Printing Worker, Electrical Equipment Installers and Repairer, Electronics and Telecommunications Installer and Repairer, Food Processing Worker, Woodworker, Tobacco Product Maker
Published
An occupational role that applies specific technical and practical knowledge and skills to construct and maintain buildings, machinery, equipment or tools, carries out printing work, and produces or processes foodstuffs, textiles and wooden, metal and other articles, including handicraft goods.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 7
craft and related trades worker
Stationary Plant and Machine Operator, Driver, Mobile Plant Operator
Published
An occupational role that operates and monitors industrial and agricultural machinery and equipment on the spot or by remote control, or drives and operates trains, motor vehicles and mobile machinery and equipment.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 8
plant and machine operator
Published
An occupational role that assembles products from component parts according to strict specifications and procedures.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 8
assembler
Cleaner, Labourer, Food Preparation Assistant, Street and Related Services Worker, Street Vendor (excluding Food), Refuse Worker
Published
An occupational role that involves the performance of simple and routine tasks which may require the use of hand-held tools and considerable physical effort.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 9
elementary occupation
Admiral, Air commodore, Air marshal, Airman, Brigadier (army), Bombardier, Captain (air force), Captain (army), Captain (navy), Colonel (army), Corporal, Field marshal, Flight lieutenant (air force), Flying officer (military), General (army), Gunner, Group captain, (air force), Lieutenant (army), Major (army), Midshipman, Naval officer (military) , Navy commander, Officer cadet (armed forces), Paratrooper, Rifleman, Sergeant (army), Second lieutenant (army), Seaman, Squadron leader, Sublieutenant (navy), Wing commander
Published
An occupational role that includes all jobs held by members of the armed forces.
International Standard Classification of Occupations (ISCO)
ISCO: 10
armed forces occupation
researcher, research assistant, investigator
Published
An occupational role that is a researcher but unclear what discipline.
researcher
Published
A personal role of source that is enrolled in an educational institution or a formal programme of professional training.
student or trainee role
Published
A student or trainee that is currently learning in a non-institutional setting.
informal education student or trainee
Published
A student or trainee that is currently learning at a primary or secondary education level in an institutional, organised setting.
school student or trainee
Published
A student or trainee that is currently learning the curriculum material of vocational programme, normally in preparation for employment in a trade, job or profession.
vocational training student or trainee
completing a university bachelor's or master's course of study, medical school or other professional school.
Published
A student or trainee that is currently learning on an advanced educational programme in a university, college or professional school.
higher education student or trainee
undergraduate student
Published
A higher education student or trainee that is currently studying for an undergraduate degree.
undergraduate student or trainee
graduate student
Published
A higher education student or trainee that has completed an undergraduate degree.
graduate student or trainee
MSc student, Masters student
Published
A higher education student or trainee that is currently studying for a Masters degree.
masters student or trainee
PhD student
Published
A higher education student or trainee that is currently studying for a doctoral degree.
doctoral student or trainee
psychology, medicine, hairdressing
Published
A specific domain of study undertaken by the bearer of a student or trainee role.
discipline of current programme of study or training
Published
A personal role of source that is realised in some relationship to the characteristics of the intervention participants.
relatedness between person source and the target population
Published
A relatedness between person source and the target population that is an individual who is related to another person as they are descended from a common progenitor, related by marriage or other legal tie, or by a feeling of closeness.
family member
mother, father, step-mother, step-father, guardian
Published
A family member that is a mother, father or legal carer of a child.
parent or guardian
boyfriend, girlfriend, partner, fiance, wife, husband
Published
A family member that is an individual who is married or in a committed relationship with another individual.
spouse or partner
brother, sister, step-brother, step-sister
Published
A family member that is a family relationship between two persons with at least one shared parent.
sibling relationship
daughter, son, step-daughter, step-son
Published
A family member that is an offspring relationship from a person to their parent.
child relationship
carer
Published
A relatedness between person source and the target population that is an individual who cares, unpaid, for a friend or family member who, due to illness or disability, requires support in their daily life activities.
carer
Published
A relatedness between person source and the target population that is a person whom the participant knows, likes and trusts, typically exclusive of sexual or family relations.
friend
Published
A relatedness between person source and the target population that is a person with whom the participant works in a profession or business.
colleague
Published
A relatedness between person source and the target population that is a person which hires the services of the participant.
employer
Published
A relatedness between person source and the target population that is descried as matched to intervention recipients on the basis of ‘peerness’ – age, social status, gender, shared experience, shared health status etc.
peer
Published
A relatedness between person source and the target population that is a source who is known and working to deliver intervention in own community.
embedded in participants’ community
Published
A count data item that is the number of providers that an individual participant in the intervention encounters.
number of people delivering intervention to each participant
Published
A count data item that is the total number of providers that are available and able to deliver the intervention.
total number of people able to deliver intervention
Published
A social or demographic characteristic of a human being who is the bearer of a person source role.
socio demographic attribute of person source
Published
A socio-demographic attribute of person source that is a time quality inhering in a bearer by virtue of how long the bearer has existed.
age of person source
gender
Published
A socio-demographic attribute of person source that is an individual's perception of having a particular gender, which may or may not correspond with their birth sex.
gender of person source
female, woman
Published
A gender of person source that is the cultural gender role of female.
female gender
male, man
Published
A gender of person source that is the cultural gender role of male.
male gender
non-binary, transexual
Published
A gender of person source that reports not belonging to the cultural gender role distinctions of either male or female.
other gender
black, white, Indian, Chinese, Somalian
Published
A socio-demographic attribute of person source that is the ethnic group to which an individual identifies as belonging, where an ethic group is a population whose members have a common heritage that is real or presumed such as common culture, language, religion, behaviour or biological trait.
ethnic group membership of person source
Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Sikh, Buddhist, Judaism
Published
A socio-demographic attribute of person source that is a religious group to which an individual identifies as belonging, where a religious group is a group of people characterised by the practice of a common religion.
religious group membership of person source
fluent, native
Published
A socio-demographic attribute of person source that is an individual’s ability to speak or perform in the intervention language.
language proficiency of person source
diabetes, cancer, depression, obesity, overweight
Published
A socio-demographic attribute of person source that represents their mental or physical condition.
health status of person source
source is highly physically active
Published
A socio-demographic attribute of person source that is their amount or experience of the intervention’s target behaviour.
target behaviour of person source
Published
A socio-demographic attribute of person source that is their existing psychological attributes related to or potentially affecting the target behaviour.
psychological influence on intervention delivery of person source
Published
A disposition that is an expert skill or knowledge held by the source delivering the behaviour change intervention.
expertise of person source
trained (if unclear whether pre-existing or acquired)
Published
An expertise of person source that is knowledge or skills held in order to deliver the behaviour change intervention.
knowledge or skill
Bachelor’s degree, certification, accredited, qualified
Published
A knowledge or skill that is already possessed by the source which allows them to deliver the behaviour change intervention, including educational level and qualifications.
pre-existing knowledge or skill
The division of expertise into different disciplines or fields is complex and depends on historical, social and structural factors.
Published
An attribute that is a field of knowledge or practice.
expertise discipline
psychology, yoga, cognitive behavioural therapy, hypnotism
Published
The expertise discipline in which the person source has acquired their pre-existing knowledge and skills.
discipline of pre-existing knowledge or skill
Published
A knowledge or skill that is additional knowledge or skills supplied to the source to allow them to deliver the behaviour change intervention, including educational level and qualifications.
acquired knowledge or skill
full-day, 6 years
Published
A knowledge or skill that is the duration of experience in related domain held by person source.
amount of experience
member of British Psychological Society
Published
A pre-existing knowledge or skill that is recognised through affiliation to a formal group or organisation.
affiliation to a formal group or organisation
supervised
Published
A process in which a person source is formally provided, by an individual with appropriate expertise, with corrective and skill-enhancing feedback, regarding the person source’s performance in delivering the intervention.
supervision of person source
voluntary basis, volunteering
Published
A process in which a person source delivers the intervention on a voluntary basis without formal compensation.
volunteering of person source
Published
A process in which a person source is paid or compensated for delivering the intervention.
payment of person source
paid in cash, vouchers
Published
A payment of person source that is money, vouchers or valued objects given to the source for delivering the intervention.
monetary payment
course credit
Published
A payment of person source that is non-monetary compensation given to the source for delivering the intervention.
non-monetary payment
Published
A BCI source whose occupational or voluntary role is focused on delivery of the behaviour change intervention.
source role related to intervention
Published
A BCI source that is involved in the development of intervention content.
source involved in development of intervention
Published
A source involved in development of intervention that has developed the intervention content in collaboration with key stakeholders such as patients or community members.
source involved in co-production of intervention
Published
A BCI source role that is borne by an organisation.
organisational source role
Published
An organisation that is the bearer of a behaviour change intervention source role, such as voluntary, public or commercial organisations delivering a behaviour change intervention.
organisation source
Published
An attribute of a BCI delivery that is the physical or informational medium through which a BCI is provided.
BCI mode of delivery
MOD
behaviour change intervention mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves intentional transmission of a representation of the world to an intervention recipient with the aim of changing that person's representation of the world.
This includes delivery of rewards, prompts, and cues that result in learning and information about the environment and environmental contingencies.
informational mode of delivery
Published
Informational mode of delivery that involves a person as intervention source who interacts with an intervention recipient in real time.
human interactional mode of delivery
Published
Human interactional mode of delivery that involves an intervention source and recipient being together in the same location and communicating directly.
face to face mode of delivery
Published
Human interactional mode of delivery that involves an intervention source and recipient being in different locations and communicating through a communication channel.
at-a-distance mode of delivery
Published
Informational mode of delivery that involves use of printed material.
Can include paper, acetate, text, diagrams and photographic images.
printed material mode of delivery
Published
Printed material mode of delivery that involves a letter or postcard that can be sent through the post or handed directly to the recipient
letter mode of delivery
Published
Printed material mode of delivery that involves display of a poster, sign or notice in a public location.
public notice mode of delivery
Published
Printed material mode of delivery that involves use of of a printed publication.
Includes leaflets, brochures, newspapers, newsletter, booklets, mazazines, manuals or worksheets.
printed publication mode of delivery
Published
Printed material mode of delivery that involves information printed on a product or its packaging, or a label attached to or included with, a product or its packaging, and aims to convey information about that product.
labelling mode of delivery
Published
Informational mode of delivery that involves electronic technology in the presentation of information to an intervention recipient.
Electronic has been used rather than digital because not all of the content may involve digital encoding - some may be analogue. Also, it is the electronic nature that is central not the means of encoding.
electronic mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves presentation of information that is broadcast and displayed by television.
Includes internet and satellite television.
television mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves presentation of information by a handheld mobile digital device that can store, retrieve and process data.
mobile digital device mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves presentation of information by a desktop or laptop computer.
computer mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves presentation of information by an electronic screen positioned in a public location.
electronic billboard mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves presentation of information by an electronic device that is worn or carried on the body.
Includes a watch, clip-on device, spectacles, in-ear devfice, vibrating device.
wearable electronic device mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves an electronic device positioned in the environment of the intervention recipient that can gather information and respond to commands.
Includes robots, and 'internet of things'.
electronic environmental object mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves presentation of a 3-D image.
Includes hologram but does not include virtual reality headsets.
3-D projection mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves use of virtual reality through a virtual reality headset and optionally body movement sensors.
virtual reality mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves presentation of information stored on an object that is inserted into a playing device.
Includes cassettes, video tapes, DVDs, CDs.
playable electronic storage mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves presentation of audio information that is broadcast and received by a radio receiver.
Includes digital radio and audio that is streamed as a podcast.
radio broadcast mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves a communication process in which a signal is sent by a caller to a recipient to alert them of the communication intent, giving the recipient the opportunity to enage with the communication.
Added in order to be able to capture the concept of a 'call'.
call mode of delivery
Published
Call mode of delivery that involves only audio information in the communication.
Includes automated calls and audio messaging.
audio call mode of delivery
Published
Call mode of delivery that involves video and audio information in the communication.
video call mode of delivery
Published
Call mode of delivery that involves textual information in the communication.
Text message can include emojis, and additional audio and pictorial material. Includes SMS, WhatsApp and other messaging services.
messaging mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves communication by email.
email mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves the intervention recipient playing a computer game.
video game mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves the intervention recipient interacting with a website.
website mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves the intervention recipient interacting with a mobile application.
The distinction between websites and mobile applications has become blurred with the advent of webapps.
mobile application mode of delivery
Published
Electronic mode of delivery that involves the intervention recipient being given access to an e-book.
e-book mode of delivery
Published
Informational mode of delivery that involves sound.
audio informational mode of delivery
Published
Informational mode of delivery that involves visual images.
visual informational mode of delivery
Published
Informational mode of delivery that involves written text.
textual mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves changing the physical shape, size, structure or appearance of objects in the environment of the intervention recipient.
This is a very heterogeneous class that will need to be further subdivided.
This does not include use of textual or pictorial information. It includes lighting, speed humps, use of music, shape and size of containers of consumables.
environmental change mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves devices or substances that alter bodily processes or structure.
Is intended to be disjoint from informational mode of delivery.
somatic mode of delivery
Published
Somatic mode of delivery that involves ingestion of a chemical into the body.
ingestion mode of delivery
Published
Ingestion mode of delivery that involves ingestion of a chemical through the skin.
transdermal mode of delivery
Published
Somatic mode of delivery that involves ingestion of a chemical through the stomach or intestine.
alimentary mode of delivery
Published
Alimentary mode of delivery that involves swallowing of a pill or oral capsule.
pill mode of delivery
Published
Alimentary mode of delivery that involves swallowing of a liquid.
ingestable liquid mode of delivery
Published
Ingestion mode of delivery that involves absorption of a chemical through the lining of the buccal cavity.
buccal mode of delivery
Published
Ingestion mode of delivery that involves absorption of a chemical through the upper airways or lungs by inspiration.
inhalation mode of delivery
Published
Ingestion mode of delivery that involves a chemical being introduced into body tissue through a hollow needle that punctures the skin.
injection mode of delivery
Published
Injection mode of delivery in which the tissue receiving the chemical is subcutaneous tissue.
subcutaneous injection mode of delivery
Published
Injection mode of delivery in which the tissue receiving the chemical is venous blood.
intravenous injection mode of delivery
Published
Injection mode of delivery in which the tissue receiving the chemical is muscle.
intramuscular injection mode of delivery
Published
Ingestion mode of delivery that involves a device that is worn on the body.
Includes insulin pump.
wearable ingestion mode of delivery
Published
Ingestion mode of delivery that involves chewing of a soft material.
This includes chewing gum. often involves ingestion of a chemical that is released by chewing and absorbed through the lining of the buccal cavity, but this is not necessary.
chewable substance mode of delivery
Published
A mode of delivery that involves application of a physical stimulus to the body.
physical stimulus mode of delivery
Published
Physical stimulus mode of delivery that involves exposure of light to the body
Includes photo therapy
light exposure mode of delivery
Published
Physical stimulius mode of delivery that involves application of heat or cold to the body.
temperature mode of delivery
Published
Physical stimulus mode of delivery that involves application of electrical stimulation to the body.
electrical stimulation mode of delivery
Published
Physical stimulus mode of delivery that involves application of physical pressure to the outside of the body.
Includes massage.
physical pressure mode of delivery
Published
Physical stimulus mode of delivery that involves a device that is worn on the body.
wearable stimulus mode of delivery
Published
Mode of of delivery that involves modifying the structure of the body of the recipient of the intervention.
Includes surgery.
somatic alteration mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves one recipient in the location where the intervention is delivered.
individual-based mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves two recipients in the location where the intervention is delivered who have an interpersonal relationship.
pair-based mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves three or more people in the location where the intervention is delivered.
group-based mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery in which the only causal influence is from the intervention source to the recipient.
uni-directional mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery in which there is causal influence from the intervention source to the recipient and from the recipient to the source.
interactional mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves delivery and receipt of the intervention or its components occurring at the same time or very close in time.
synchronous mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves receipt of the intervention or its components taking place a significant period of time after delivery.
asynchronous mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that is not dependent on actions on the part of the intervention recipient.
push mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that requires some action on the part of the recipient.
pull mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves application of typical elements of game playing to other areas of activity, typically as an online marketing technique to encourage engagement with a product or service.
https://www.lexico.com/en/definition/gamification
Includes point scoring, competition with others, and rules of play.
gamification mode of delivery
Published
Mode of delivery that involves application of creativity on the part of the intervention recipient.
Includes art therapy, music therapy, dance and acting.
arts feature mode of delivery
Includes mental activities and behaviours.
Published
Individual human activity that enables a BCI to influence the outcome behaviour.
BCI engagement
behaviour change intervention engagement
Includes as parts social setting and physical setting.
Published
An aggregate of entities that form the environment in which a BCI is provided.
BCI setting
behaviour change intervention setting
Published
A human population who are exposed to a BCI.
BCI population
behaviour change intervention population
Published
A role that is realised in a person by doing a specified type of work or working in a specified way.
A role can be assigned without being realised. A person realises a role by doing something.
occupational role
Comparison involves identifying differences between the entities in the scenarios.
Published
A BCI evaluation study that involves comparison between two or more BCI scenarios to produce one or more BCI effect estimates.
BCI comparison evaluation study
behaviour change intervention comparison evaluation study
This includes the following subclasses: 1) BCI effect estimate type -the type of statistic used to represent the difference (e.g. odds ratio, mean difference), 2) BCI effect estimate value – the datum that represents the difference (e.g. 1.35), 3) BCI effect estimate uncertainty type – the type of statistic used to represent the range of uncertainty of the value (e.g. 95% confidence interval see STATO), and 4) the BCI effect estimate uncertainty value - the datum representing the uncertainty (e.g. 1.20-1.55).
Published
A behaviour change intervention evaluation finding that characterises the difference between BCI outcome estimates of two BCI scenarios.
BCI effect estimate
behaviour change intervention effect estimate
Published
An intervention evaluation study of a BCI scenario.
BCI evaluation study
behaviour change intervention evaluation study
Published
An information content entity that is about the likelihood of the BCI evaluation finding misrepresenting the outcome behaviour.
BCI evaluation study risk of bias or error
behaviour change intervention evaluation study risk of bias or error
Includes entities that stand in direct relation to the study e.g. authors, findings, funding, aims.
Published
A report that is a description of a BCI evaluation study.
BCI evaluation report
behaviour change intervention evaluation report
the number of behaviour change techniques included in an intervention.
The dose of an active ingredient in a pharmacological intervention
Published
A BCI content attribute that is its amount.
BCI dose
This class requires further specification when it is used because specific BCI content instances may vary in amount in different ways.
behaviour change intervention dose
Published
An evaluation finding that is the output of a BCI evaluation study.
BCI evaluation finding
behaviour change intervention evaluation finding
Published
A plan for a BCI evaluation study.
BCI evaluation study plan
behaviour change intervention evaluation study plan
This includes as subclasses 1) type of outcome estimate (e.g. mean, percentage), 2) value of outcome estimate (e.g. 1.5 cigs per day, 23%), 3) uncertainty estimate type (e.g. 95% CI), and 4) uncertainty estimate value (e.g. 12.0%-45.0%).
Published
A BCI evaluation finding that is about an outcome behaviour.
BCI outcome estimate
behaviour change intervention outcome estimate
Published
A physical environment in which a BCI is delivered.
BCI physical setting
behaviour change intervention physical setting
Spain
United Kingdom
Published
A geographical location of a country where the intervention takes place.
country of intervention
City
New York
Rotterdam
State
Town
Region
Published
A geographical location within a country where the intervention takes place.
within-country location
Published
Features of a given location, such as social and economic characteristics.
attribute of location
World Bank Classifications
crime rates
disadvantaged area
Published
An attribute of location describing the overall socioeconomic state of a location.
area social and economic condition
developing country
Published
An area social and economic condition described to have a low-income, whether at a country or within-country level.
low-income area
developed country
Published
An area social and economic condition described to have a high-income, whether at a country or within-country level.
high-income area
Published
An attribute of location describing the density of an area, in terms of people and resources within it.
population and resource density
Published
An area on the edge of a large town or city where a proportion of those who work in the town or city live.
suburban area
Published
A facility where an individual is living alone or with one or more person. The individuals do not have to be related.
household residence
bedsit
Published
A facility where an individual lives with many others that may be collected according to a social structure such as education or disability.
multiple occupancy residence
student hall
Published
A multiple occupancy residence where many students live.
student residence
retirement home
Published
A multiple occupancy residence where multiple vulnerable people live
residential care or assisted living
an architectural structure for which an individual does not have a legal right to stay
Published
A residential facility where an individual is living that is not stable and secure.
homeless setting
BandB
emergency accomnodation
Hostels
Published
A residential facility where individuals are in a transitional state of housing and not staying for a prolonged period.
temporary residence
Published
A hospital facility to treat patients without them staying overnight, often after a hospital visit.
hospital outpatient clinic facility
doctor surgery
general practitioners surgery
Published
A healthcare facility led by doctors.
doctor-led primary care facility
Published
A healthcare facility that is run by a care home organization and is the bearer of a care home function.
care home facility
Published
A rehabilitation facility to assist the recovery of people with drug or alcohol addiction.
drug or alcohol rehabilitation facility
polyclinic
Published
A clinic providing healthcare services to people in a certain area
community healthcare facility
Published
A healthcare facility to treat patients in the community without them staying overnight.
community outpatient clinic facility
Published
A healthcare facility where dental healthcare is provided.
dentist facility
Published
A facility in which formal education is provided to a student population.
educational facility
nursery school
Published
An educational facility in which pre-school education is provided.
early years facility
Published
A school facility for younger children, typically aged between five and eleven.
primary school
Published
A school facility providing education between primary and secondary school.
middle school
high school
Published
A school facility for older children and teenagers, typically aged between eleven and eighteen.
secondary school
Published
An educational facility providing practically based, occupationally-specific teaching.
vocational facility
Published
An educational facility in which students study for degrees and academic research is done.
university facility
recycling centre
food bank
Published
A facility used by a group of people living in the same place or having a particular characteristic in common.
community facility
stadium
swimming pool
tennis court
gym
Published
A community facility used for exercising.
sport and exercise facility
working mens club
YMCA
Published
A community facility used for socialising by those living in a given area.
social centre or Community Hall facility
Published
A community facility containing a collection of books and learning resources for loan.
library facility
church
temple
mosque
Published
A community facility where individuals or a group of people come to perform acts of devotion and veneration.
religious facility
bar
pub
restaurant
diner
Published
A community facility used to serve food.
hospitality and catering facility
disco
theatre
cinema
Published
A community facility designed to entertain or amuse.
arts and entertainment facility
market
shopping centre
supermarket
Published
A facility used as an outlet for shopping.
retail facility
Published
A facility of a room, set of rooms, or building used as a place for commercial, professional, or bureaucratic work.
office facility
prison
Published
A facility where individuals are being reprimanded, detained or imprisoned.
criminal justice facility
Published
A facility of a building or group of buildings where goods are manufactured or assembled chiefly by machine
factory facility
air force
navy
army
Published
A facility relating to or characteristic of soldiers or armed forces
military facility
Published
Methods of traveling from one place to another.
NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition
transportation
plane
train
bus
Published
Forms of transportation that run on fixed routes and are available to the public, usually for a set fare
NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition
public transportation
bicycle
motorbike
car
Published
A form of transportation owned by an individual for individual or group use.
private transportation
mobile van
Published
A form of transportation delivering interventions in transient locations.
mobile intervention venue
Published
A form of transporation which can transport patients for health treatment, and in some instances will also provide out-of-hospital healthcare to the patient.
ambulance
Published
A site which is an outdoor location outside of a building.
outdoor environment
Published
An outdoor environment set in an expanse of water.
water
Published
An outdoor environment for the passage of persons or cyclists on land
path or pavement
Published
A path or pavement for the passage of persons only on land.
path or pavement for pedestrians
Published
A path or pavement for the passage of people using bicycles only on land.
path or pavement for cyclists
Published
A place designed and staffed to house and treat individuals that need assistance with mental dysfunctions
NCI Thesaurus OBO Edition
psychiatric facility
Published
A report that describes a BCI scenario.
BCI scenario report
behaviour change intervention scenario report
Published
A plan that is realized in a BCI scenario process.
BCI scenario plan
behaviour change intervention scenario plan
Published
An aggregate of people with whom a BCI population interacts.
BCI social setting
behaviour change intervention social setting
What counts as substantively is subject to judgement. The level and nature of the contribution can be defined using the CReDiT taxonomy (https://casrai.org/credit/).
Published
A role played by a person that contributes substantively to production or reporting of a BCI evaluation study.
BCI study investigator
behaviour change intervention study investigator
Published
A population whose behaviour is studied in a BCI evaluation study.
BCI study sample
behaviour change intervention study sample
Tailoring the dose of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation to the prior level of nicotine dependence of the smoker (static) or to the smokers' current strength of urges to smoke during a quit attempt (dynamic).
Published
A BCI attribute in which the content or delivery of a BCI for some member of the BCI population varies according to their characteristics or setting.
BCI tailoring
Tailoring can be static (i.e., conducted before intervention delivery in a case case), or dynamic (i.e., conducted one or more times after the intervention has started in a given case based on population or setting characteristics present at that time. Population and setting characteristics include the historical factors such as prior exposure to the intervention.
behaviour change intervention tailoring
Published
A planned process that is the smallest part of BCI content that is observable, replicable and on its own has the potential to bring about behaviour change
A planned process that is the smallest part of BCI content that is observable, replicable and on its own has the potential to bring about behaviour change.
BCT
behaviour change technique
Published
An aggregate of individual human behaviours of members of a population.
human behaviour
population behaviour
Published
A data item that is the output of an intervention evaluation study.
evaluation finding
Also referred to in definitions as human behaviour or just behaviour.
Published
A bodily process of a human that involves co-ordinated contraction of striated muscles controlled by the brain.
human behaviour
it is concerned with moving skeletal parts to which it is usually attached.' (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/striped-muscle)
Striated muscles referred to in the definition do not ordinarily involve cardiac muscles.
Behaviours are usually in response to an internal or external stimuli.
Every behaviour is associated with mental processes, but not every mental process is associated with behaviour. For instance, a verbal communication behaviour will involve mental processes to produce speech. However, mental processes associated with listening can occur without a person performing a behaviour.
'behaviours' can involve a series of activities (e.g., more granular behaviours).
'A 'striated muscle' can defined as 'a type of contractile tissue that is marked by transverse striations
individual human behaviour
Learning function (e.g., knowledge development function and skill development function), knowledge or skill maintenance, protection of self, others and the environment, aesthetics function, bodily health function, spiritual function, social organisation function,, excretion function, nutrition function, reproductive function, respiration function,, rest function, travel function, thermoregulation function
Published
A function that inheres in a human being and is realised in processes that enable the human to survive and thrive.
There are complex sets of processes involved in the realisation of human life functions, only some which would behaviours. An example for a human life function that is not a behaviour function: human thermoregulation via sweating function. However, some behaviours can fulfil 'human life functions'.
The term 'survive' refers to continuing one's existence (e.g., staying alive), while 'thrive' includes a wide range of processes that improve an animal's life, including physical and mental wellbeing and experiencing positive social interactions, as well as being able to reproduce. Many processes can contribute to a human surviving and thriving.
human life function
Pointing
Published
A non-linguistic communication behaviour using body language involving a deliberately chosen movement of the head, neck, torso, or limbs to express an idea or feeling.
Gestures are deliberately chosen by the person to communicate some message. The meaning of a gesture may differ across different cultures.
non-linguistic communication behaviour using gesture
Storing, Littering, Installing, Assembling, Disassembling, Repairing, Designing, Servicing, Washing, Composting, Planting, Pruning, Cooking, Growing food, Recycling, Planting trees, Picking up litter
Published
An environmental system management behaviour that involves creating, maintaining, adapting or destroying non-sentient objects.
Objects can include engineered artifacts, organisms, grain of sand and/or molecules. The phrase ‘non-sentient objects’ is used to refer to objects that do not have a central nervous system.
object management behaviour
Doing housework, Cleaning, Gardening, Farming, Harvesting
Published
A material-entity related behaviour that involves creating, maintaining, adapting or destroying aspects of the physical or social environment system.
Environmental system is defined as "A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities." (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/ENVO_01000254). Accordingly, an environmental system is the social and physical environment surrounding a person.
environmental system management behaviour
Studying, Active learning, Problem-based learning, Collaborative learning, Online learning
Published
An experience-related behaviour that involves improving knowledge or skill.
learning behaviour
Collaborating, coordinating gatherings
Published
A socially-related behaviour that involves a person contributing to the functioning of a social structure or a person in relation to a social structure.
In the definition, the term 'contributing' can refer 'joining or integrating into a group or improving or maintaining the functioning within a group'
'social structure' can relate to a social network or group.
social organisation behaviour
Intentional overdose
Published
A harmful behaviour that involves intentionally causing oneself physical harm.
There can be different reasons for engaging in self-injury behaviours, including to deal with difficult feelings and memories.
self-injury behaviour
Expressive dancing, Singing, Playing Music
Published
An expressive behaviour that involves consciously using some capability to create or shape an aspect of the environment to express an idea or emotion.
An aspect of the environment includes both objects within it but also processes (e.g., music performance or dancing).
creative expressive behaviour
Nail-cutting
Published
An individual human behaviour that attends one’s own hygiene, comfort or appearance.
Behaviour relating to supporting the personal care of others can be captured under the class 'social support behaviour'.
personal bodily care behaviour
Published
A socially-related behaviour that involves an interaction between two or more people.
An individual human behaviour that involves an interaction between two or more people.
inter-personal behaviour
Walking, Crawling, Climbing
Published
A position-related behaviour in which muscles are used by a person to move themselves relative to the immediate environment or part of it.
locomotive behaviour
Shooting, Writing, Using a weapon, Using public transport, Taking a bus, Sailing, Typing, Collecting, Drying, Ironing, Painting, Drawing
Published
A material-entity related behaviour that uses a non-living object.
Non-living objects can include engineered artifacts, grain of sand and/or molecules.
object-using behaviour
Pushing, Kicking, Punching
Published
A physical contact behaviour that is forceful.
physical impact behaviour
Published
A position-related behaviour that involves adopting a body configuration in relation to the immediate environment.
posture behaviour
Copulating, Masturbating, Flirting, Having intercourse
Published
An experience-related behaviour that involves sexual arousal.
The classes 'reproductive behaviour' and 'sexual behaviour' have some instances in which they would overlap. For instance, a subclass of both of these classes would be 'reproductive sexual behaviour'. Examples for 'reproductive sexual behaviour' can be annotated by using the two classes: 'reproductive behaviour' and 'sexual behaviour'. There are also various examples in which the classes 'reproductive behaviour' does not overlap with sexual behaviour. For instance, fertility preservation would be a reproductive behaviour but not a sexual behaviour. Similarly, various sexual behaviours do not have a reproductive function. For instance, performing oral sex may not have a reproductive function.
sexual behaviour
Cyberbullying
Published
A harassment behaviour that involves targeting someone through deliberate misuse of power in a relationship to inflict physical, social or psychological harm.
While bullying behaviours can be directed at anyone, they are often aimed at certain people because of their race, religion, gender or sexual orientation or any other aspect such as appearance or disability (https://www.ncab.org.au/bullying-advice/bullying-for-parents/definition-of-bullying/).
bullying behaviour
Breast feeding, Nappy changing, Feeding, Nursing behaviour, Provide care
Published
A social support behaviour that involves meeting another person’s physical, psychological or social needs that this person is unable to fully meet themselves at a given moment.
care-giving behaviour
Calling out, Talking, Shouting, Teaching, Messaging, Lying, Exaggerating, Threatening, Greeting, Advising, Instructing, Conversing, Lobbying, Demonstrating, Training, Meeting, Posting on social media, Self-disclosing, Answering, Coaching, Giving a speech, Discussing, Story-telling, Writing an article, Advertising
Published
An expressive behaviour that involves the transmission of information between two or more people.
human communication behaviour
Spending, Purchasing, Selling, Investing, Renting, Gambling, Saving, Paying debts, Leasing
Published
A socially-related behaviour that involves the production, acquisition, distribution or exchange of money, goods or services.
behaviours, such as economic behaviour, can involve a series of activities (e.g., more granular behaviours).
The term 'production' in the definition specifically refers to the 'production of goods and services for value exchange'
economic behaviour
Wrestling, fencing
Published
An inter-personal behaviour that involves taking part in a physical struggle involving contact or the use of weapons
Physical combat behaviour can be aggressive but does not need to be. For instance, people can fight as part of a game.
physical combat behaviour
Stalking, Victimization, Sexual misconduct, Insults, Threats
Published
Harmful behaviour to others that entails intentionally targeting someone with a behaviour that has the effect of causing distress in the targeted person.
harassment behaviour
Training, Behavioural practice/rehearsal
Published
A learning behaviour that involves improving the ability to perform physical, psychological or social activities.
skill development behaviour
Yoga, Taichi
Published
An experience-related behaviour that aims to create a sense of interconnectedness between the mind and the body.
mind-body behaviour
Swimming, Engaging in regular physical activity, Exercising, Playing recreational sport
Published
A health-related behaviour that involves maintenance or improvement of flexibility, strength, balance or cardiovascular fitness.
physical performance behaviour
Playing
Published
An experience-related behaviour that is performed to experience pleasure or satisfaction.
enjoyment behaviour
Urinating, Defecating, Induced vomiting
Published
A life function-related behaviour that involves eliminating excess or harmful chemicals produced by bodily functions.
excretion behaviour
Fertility preservation
Published
A life function-related behaviour that involves producing offspring based on combining DNA of two or more people.
The classes 'reproductive behaviour' and 'sexual behaviour' have some instances in which they would overlap. For instance, a subclass of both of these classes would be 'reproductive sexual behaviour'. Examples for 'reproductive sexual behaviour' can be annotated by using the two classes: 'reproductive behaviour' and 'sexual behaviour'. There are also various examples in which the classes 'reproductive behaviour' does not overlap with sexual behaviour. For instance, fertility preservation would be a reproductive behaviour but not a sexual behaviour. Similarly, various sexual behaviours do not have a reproductive function. For instance, performing oral sex may not have a reproductive function.
reproductive behaviour
Inhaling, exhaling
Published
A life function-related behaviour involves providing an appropriate level of oxygenation to body tissues.
breathing behaviour
Published
A position-related behaviour that involves changing physical location.
Travel refers to some form of relocation from a place or position to another.
The classes 'travel behaviour' and 'locomotive behaviour' have many instances in which they overlap. However, there are also examples where these classes are not the same. For instance, running on a treadmill is a locomotive behaviour but not a travel behaviour.
travel behaviour
Published
A material entity-related behaviour that involves ingesting material into the body.
consumption behaviour
Building, Constructing, Food production, Production of goods
Published
An object-using behaviour that involves making a product from raw materials or parts.
manufacturing behaviour
Published
An object-using behaviour that involves deriving meaning from written or printed symbols.
reading behaviour
Published
A travel behaviour that involves moving an object in addition toother than the actor.
transporting behaviour
Advocating, Recycling, Donating, Charitable giving, Charitable working, Volunteering, Participating in research, Co-operation, Altruism, Sharing food, Helping others
Published
A socially-related behaviour that a population judges to accord with current norms of positive social conduct.
pro-social behaviour
Published
A posture behaviour that involves being in a horizontal position on a supporting surface
lying down
Published
A posture behaviour in which one's weight is supported by one's buttocks and back rather than one's feet, and in which one's back rests on a surface at an angle that is greater than 90 degrees and less than 180 degrees.
reclining
Published
A posture behaviour in which one's weight is supported by one's buttocks rather than one's feet, and in which one's back is upright.
sitting
Published
A posture behaviour in which one has or is maintaining an upright position while supported by one's feet
standing
Swearing at work, Stealing, Mugging, Speeding, Truancy, Authority-challenging behaviour, Disruptive behaviour, Polluting, Scientific misconduct, Plagiarising at a university, Cheating
Published
A socially-related behaviour that a population judges to be is contrary to the laws or accepted current norms of social conduct within a specific social context and causes annoyance and or disapproval in others.
antisocial behaviour
Published
An experience-related behaviour that involves taking defensive action in order to avoid stimuli judged as aversive by the person.
avoidance behaviour
Vandalism, Sabotaging, Polluting
Published
An individual human behaviour that causes net harm.
harmful behaviour
Published
A behavioural attribute that is to what extent the behaviour is a direct emotional, habitual or instinctive reaction to something.
This class is a dimension and can be construed as the obverse of reflectiveness and so operationalised in terms of acting without thinking.
impulsiveness
Engaging in community life, Engaging in civic involvement
Published
A social organisation behaviour that involves increasing a sense of being part of a social group or dyad.
affiliation behaviour
Comforting, feeding, encouraging
Published
A socially-related behaviour that involves meeting the physical, psychological or social needs of another living being to promote its development.
The term 'animal' in the definition includes humans and other animals.
There can be different dimensions of nurturing, e.g., in some cases, nurturing can involve addressing someone's physical needs (e.g., feeding) but not emotional needs.
nurture behaviour
Voting, Supporting a political campaign, Engaging in political activism, Engaging in protest, Engaging in boycotts, Engaging in strikes, Political opposition, Campaigning to be elected
Published
A socially-related behaviour that aims to bring about or oppose political or social change.
political behaviour
Published
A uniform process aggregate whose member parts are behaviours of the same type and in the same person.
behaviour pattern
- For any x and y in P where x does not equal y, if x occupies_spatiotemporal_region s, then y occupies_spatiotemporal_region t and s does not equal t
- s is instance_of human being
- For any pi in P, pi is instance_of X
- For any pi in P, s is participant_in pi
- X is subtype_of behaviour
- P is the set {p1, ... pn} of process aggregate member parts of b
b is a behaviour pattern means:
- b is instance_of uniform process aggregate
The term 'pattern' is used to refer to several processes (individual human behaviours) of the same type being repeated overtime.
This class is intended to include behaviours that can usefully be characterised in terms of frequency and pattern of enactment with a temporal start and end of the series. This means that the series can be terminated (e.g. stopping smoking), interrupted (e.g. abstaining from alcohol consumption for a month), and changed in frequency (e.g. cutting down on snacks).
individual human behaviour pattern
Published
A substance use behaviour pattern that involves tobacco use.
tobacco use
tobacco use behaviour pattern
Published
A tobacco use behaviour that involves setting light to a combustible tobacco product and ingesting the tobacco smoke that is produced.
smoking
tobacco smoking behaviour
Published
A tobacco use behaviour pattern that involves tobacco smoking behaviour.
tobacco smoking behaviour pattern
Published
A tobacco smoking behaviour that involves setting light to one end of a cigarette, putting the other end to the lips and sucking in order to ingest cigarette smoke.
cigarette smoking behaviour
Published
A tobacco smoking behaviour pattern that involves cigarette smoking behaviour.
cigarette smoking behaviour pattern
Published
An occurrent consisting exactly of a plurality of processes that are process_aggregate_member_parts_of that occurrent for all times at which it exists.
Process aggregate extends BFO in the same way that object aggregate extends its coverage of material entities. It is required to be able to classify occurrents such as behaviour patterns that are repeated occurrences of classes of process that have properties such as average frequency of occurrence (not to be confused with frequency as a process profile) and temporal patterning of occurrences.
process aggregate
Published
A locomotive behaviour that involves moving at a regular pace by lifting and setting down each foot in turn, never having both feet off the ground at once.
walking
Hiring, Firing, Suspending, Promoting, Demoting, Contracting, Working at a job
Published
An economic behaviour that involves a paid work agreement between an employer and an employee.
behaviours', such as employment behaviour, can involve a series of activities (e.g., more granular behaviours).
employment behaviour
Praying, participating in rituals, meditation practices for spiritual purposes, fasting for spiritual purposes, participating in a silent retreat
Published
An experience-related behaviour that is performed in line with a belief system that is grounded in reverence for a supernatural power or powers and provides meaning in life.
spiritual behaviour
Published
A consumption behaviour that involves ingesting a psychoactive substance into the body.
substance use
Substance use behaviour is not equated with substance abuse.
substance use behaviour
Published
A substance use behaviour that involves ingesting constituents of a tobacco-containing product.
tobacco use
tobacco use behaviour
Examples of interventions are putting health warnings on cigarette packets, providing free stop smoking services and banning smoking in public places.
Published
A planned process that has the aim of influencing an outcome.
intervention
Published
A research study that aims to assess attributes of an intervention with regards to their positive or negative value.
intervention evaluation study
Includes individual human behaviour, mental activity and physiological activity. Also includes undesirable outcomes, such as treatment side effects, and unintended negative consequences of the intervention.
Published
A process that is influenced by an intervention.
intervention outcome
Published
A process that is produced by a person.
individual human activity
Published
An aggregate of people
human population
Published
A process that is an individual human behaviour or a population behaviour.
human behaviour
This is intended to provide a user-friendly way of representing the way in which processes are manifest. This is somewhat similar to, but not the same as, the class 'specifically dependent continuant' in Basic Formal Ontology which provides a way of representing features of material entities such as age and size. It is formally equivalent to process profile in Basic Formal Ontology.
Published
A process profile that is an attribute of a process.
process attribute
An example is cold and distant vs. warm and accepting.
Published
A communication style that is an attribute of a BCI content communication process.
BCI style of delivery
when a communication style is used as part of a BCI content communication process, then it qualifies as a BCI style of delivery
behaviour change intervention style of delivery
Published
A communication that transmits the content of an intervention
Note that an intervention is a planned process with the aim of influencing some outcome whereas a behaviour change intervention is an intervention that aims to influence human behaviour as an outcome.
intervention content communication process
Published
An intervention content communication process that is about behaviour change intervention content
A behaviour change intervention is a planned process that aims to influence human behaviour. In contrast, an intervention is a planned process with the aim of influencing some outcome. This outcome may be other than human behaviour.
behaviour change intervention content communication process
Published
An attribute of a communication process
An attribute of a communication process.
Communication processes can have a variety of attributes, such as their speed, how they are delivered, what language they take place in and the tone of voice in which they occur. All these types of attributes and more are captured by "communication process attribute"
communication process attribute
Published
A particular manner of communicating aimed at inducing or avoiding certain kinds of responses in others, or demonstrating certain characteristics of the initiator.
communication style
Published
A communication style that is an attribute of an intervention content communication process.
when a communication style is used as part of an intervention content communication process, then it qualifies as an intervention style of delivery
intervention style of delivery
Published
An intervention delivery characterised by efforts by an intervention source to give a person the resources they need to manage their own life and make them an active participant in deciding how to move forward.
person-centred intervention delivery
Published
An intervention delivery in which the participant takes the lead in determining the focus of the intervention.
participant-led intervention delivery
Published
An intervention delivery in which the intervention person source takes the lead in determining the focus of the intervention.
source-led intervention delivery
Published
A communication involving one participant paying close attention to what is said by another, asking questions and reflecting as needed, in an attempt to fully understand what has been said.
http://ontology.apa.org/apaonto/termsonlyOUT (5).owl#Active_Listening
active listening
Shows approval
Making explicit statements of partnership or support
Published
A communication involving acknowledging another's strength or resilience in a given context or situation.
affirming communication
Published
A communication in which the initiator and one or more activity participants work together to determine a focus for the activity to be undertaken.
agenda mapping
agenda-sharing communication
Published
A communication in which some participant requests information from another participant.
asking questions
Published
Asking questions that can only be answered with a limited set of responses.
asking closed-ended questions
Published
Asking questions designed to narrow discussion to focus on a particular aspect or topic.
asking focused questions
Published
Asking questions designed to prompt the questionee to answer in a specific, pre-determined manner.
asking directive questions
asking leading questions
Published
Asking questions that cannot be answered with a simple yes or no, but instead require the questionee to elaborate on their points.
asking open-ended questions
Published
A communication involving the exchange of light and teasing remarks intended to be playful.
Note that teasing is an essential part of the definition of banter. For amusing or enjoyable communication, but without the element of teasing, using entertaining or humourous communication style. Also, note that banter may not always be perceived as playful by the subject of the remarks
banter
Change for Life, Time to Change, NHS Smokefree
Published
A communication using a consistent style of text or graphics to identify and distinguish a product, service or intervention from other products, services or interventions.
brand identity
branded communication
Published
A communication involving an extended exchange of utterances between an instigator and at least one other person.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C71323
An utterance is an uninterrupted stretch of speech or writing produced by an individual on a particular occasion. An utterance can range from a single word to a complete sentence.
discussion
Published
A discussion led by the initiator in a manner typical of a teacher or lecturer.
classroom-style discussion
Published
A communication showing acknolwedgement conveying empathy or compassion towards a sub-optimal situation or concerns of a recipient.
communication acknowledging difficulties
Published
A communication using statements that add intensity to the content or emotion expressed by another person.
"overshooting" in motivational interviewing
communication adding intensity to another's views
Educate using “ask-tell-ask” rather than “tell-ask-tell”
Published
A communication which involves asking for approval before sharing knowledge and giving guidance.
communication asking permission to provide information and advice
Published
A communication which aims to focus on the feelings of others without debating the truth or falsity of statements or ideas.
communication avoiding argumentation
Published
A communication in which the instigator asks questions to determine if the recipient has comprehended information that has been presented.
communication checking for others' understanding
clarifying what another has said
Published
A communication in which the instigator asks questions to determine if they have correctly comprehended the information presented by another.
communication checking for own understanding
Published
A communication in which the initiator promotes an extended two-way discussion regarding a topic.
Contrasts with a more one-way, didactic style
communication encouraging discussion
Published
A communication in which the initiator attempts to elicit the recipient’s own thoughts and ideas about change rather than imposing the initiator’s own opinion.
evoking change talk in motivational interviewing
communication evoking another's ideas about change
eliciting or seeking information
Published
A communication to better understand what a person thinks or feels about a topic or an experience.
This can include asking questions or prompting elaboration e.g 'Tell me more about that'
exploring communication
Published
A communication pointing out a situation in which actions or propositions are inconsistent with each other.
The contradiction can be between two or more of a person's actions, or between a person's actions and beliefs, or between two or more beliefs a person holds
communication highlighting a contradiction
Published
A communication seeking information about a person's responses to the content presented.
asking for opinions
communication inviting reactions to content presented
Published
A communication involving accepting that the recipient has different beliefs to the initiator and continuing with the planned activities while allowing both views to exist.
From Motivational Interviewing
communication involving acceptance that recipients views may be different to the initiator's views
Published
A communication in which one participant concurs with the views stated by another.
communication involving agreement
Published
A communication involving agreement in which one participant concurs with the views stated by another and then points out an incongruent aspect of the situation under discussion.
"agreement with a twist" in motivational interviewing
communication involving agreement followed by highlighting incongruent aspects
Published
A communication involving the initiator rephrasing what a recipient says in a manner intended to confirm understanding of the recipient's situation rather than confront.
"coming alongside" in Motivational Interviewing
communication involving confirmatory rephrasing
Published
A communication further developing a declarative statement that has been made by making it clearer, more precise, bringing out its consequences or giving a concrete example.
communication involving elaboration of arguments
Published
A communication involving the initiator offering a range of options to the recipient.
communication offering choice
Published
A communication using statements that diminish or understate the intensity of the content or emotion expressed by the other person.
"undershooting" in motivational interviewing
communication understating intensity of person's views
Published
A communication addressing a person using a certain name or title to refer to that person.
The child classes of this class are specific types of address, whereas this class is for a non-specific type of address.
communication using a particular form of address
Published
A communication addressing a person using a formal, legal or official name or title to refer to that person.
communication using formal address
Published
A communication addressing a person using a casual or colloquial name or title to refer to that person.
communication using informal address
Depending on whether Suzie Jones prefers to be addressed formally, or by her given name, saying either "Hello Mrs Jones" or "Hello Suzie"
Published
A communication addressing a person using a name or title that the person has specified the instigator should use.
communication using preferred form of address
Published
A communication using statements that order or direct a person to think or behave in a certain way.
communication using imperatives
communication using commands
staying silent (where this is intended to give others the chance to speak)
Published
A communication in which the speaker purposely leaves gaps between or after their speech utterances.
Pauses may be deliberately left to provide opportunities for others to speak or reflect, or to demonstrate non-directiveness.
communication using deliberate pauses
Words like "interesting", "yeah"," mmhmm"
Published
A communication in which one person uses brief interjections to signal that they are listening to what the other person is saying.
"Back-channels" or "undertalk" in the Roter Interaction Analysis System
An interjection is a word, phrase or exclamation which is typically unconnected to a sentence and is used to express an emotion or reaction.
communication using interjections to signal attentiveness
Published
A communication using certain vocabulary or phraseology.
communication using particular language
Published
A communication using language in a manner which does not demonstrate an opinion on a particular issue.
communication using neutral language
Published
A communication using language chosen to avoid coercing or persuading the recipient to think, feel or behave in a certain manner.
communication using non-pressurising language
Published
A communication using informal language shared by members of a particular community.
communication using slang
Published
A communication using words or expressions used by a profession or group that are difficult for others not in that profession or group to understand.
using jargon
communication using specialist language
Published
A communication using language chosen by the instigator to avoid using words or phrases that could be perceived as rude or insulting.
communication avoiding offensive language
Published
A communication using occasional words chosen from a language spoken by both the instigator and the recipient that is not the main language.
communication using selected words from a second language
Published
A communication that involves the use of declarative propositions based on what the communicator believes to be logical.
communication using rational arguments
Published
A communication in a manner which clearly conveys the emotions of the initiator.
emotionally expressive communication
When a practitioner suggests to a patient 'Could you think about it like this...'
Published
A communication that involves suggesting adoption of certain beliefs, theories or lines of action by others.
guiding communication
Published
A communication in which one person interjects before another has finished making their point.
interrupting
Published
A communication in which at least one participant endeavours to not interject before another participant has finished making their point.
communication avoiding interrupting
Published
A communication describing the particulars of a person's life or a course of events in the style of telling a story.
narrative communication
Published
A communication involving goal-oriented collaboration to arrive at an agreement or compromise on a matter of importance to the individuals involved.
negotiation
made reassuring statements
Published
A communication intended to provide hope and strength in times of anxiety, worry, confusion, grief, distress, or suffering.
based on Roter Interactional Analysis System
offering reassurance
Published
A communication in which one participant summarises what the other said.
This class is different to "communication involving confirmatory rephrasing" as this class is simply about summarising what another person said.
paraphrasing
Published
A communication presenting a person's previously expressed thoughts and feelings back to them.
reflective communication
Published
A reflective communication in which the instigator pulls together key points from a complex story told by the recipient in a succinct restatement.
"summarising reflection" in Motivational Interviewing
summarising reflective communication
Published
A reflective communication in which the instigator aims to highlight both the positive and negative sides of an issue as previously expressed by the recipient.
"double-sided reflection" in Motivational Interviewing
double-sided reflective communication
Published
A reflective communication in which the instigator replaces a word or phrase of the recipient's prior assertion with a figure of speech suggesting an analogy.
"metaphorical reflection" in Motivational Interviewing
metaphor-using reflective communication
Published
A reflective communication highlighting the emotional aspects of an issue as previously described by the recipient.
"reflection of feeling" in Motivational Interviewing
emotion-emphasising reflective communication
Published
A reflective communication in which the instigator restates the recipient's prior assertation in a less credible way to prompt reconsideration of the assertion.
"amplified reflection" in Motivational Interviewing
re-evaluation prompting reflective communication
Published
A communication which follows a pre-written sequence of instructions that are interpreted or carried out by a person or by a program.
This class involves tightly following a set of written instructions. It is different to structured communication style, which is a pre-planned style but not to the extent of using a written script.
script-based communication
Published
A communication that involves altering the area of greatest attention during the delivery of information.
shifting focus of communication
Published
A communication style marked by fostering the involvement of the recipient as an engaged actor in the activity to be undertaken rather than as a passive recipient.
active participation encouraging communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by a lack of empathy or compassion for the recipient.
aloof communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by the initiator fluently using language to express ideas.
fluent
articulate communication style
"listened carefully to what you had to say"
Published
A communication style characterised by purposeful consideration of another's statements.
This involves communicating in a manner that ensures the recipient knows that they are being heard
attentive communication style
Published
A communication style which aims to promote the recipient's capacity to make their own decisions.
needs-supportive communication style
from Self-Determination Theory interventions.
autonomy-supportive communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by a sense of the initiator and recipient working together, the initiator showing sensitivity to the others' needs, in order to obtain an outcome desired by all.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCIT_C73529
collaborative communication style
Published
A communication style suggesting a lack of human interest or friendliness towards the recipient.
cold communication style
Published
A communication style that conveys respect and regard for the recipient as an individual.
communication style conveying acceptance
Published
A communication style demonstrating one perceives an unwanted circumstance for the recipient.
communication style conveying concern
Published
A communication style which suggests one is acting in line with one's true values and beliefs.
sincerity
communication style conveying genuineness
Published
A communication style which imparts a feeling of optimism that a person will attain a desired outcome.
optimism, positivity
communication style conveying hopefulness
Published
A communication style which imparts a feeling that the instigator believes themselves to be higher in status than the recipient.
communication style conveying perceived superiority
Published
A communication style which imparts one's belief that the recipient can change.
communication style conveying support for change
Published
A communication style demonstrating acceptance of everything about the recipient.
communication style demonstrating positive regard
Published
A communication style which directly instructs the adoption of certain beliefs, theories or lines of action.
controlling communication style
Published
A communication style that is typical of interpersonal dialogue which encourages an interactive exchange of ideas and beliefs.
conversational communication style
gave a short lecture, conference presentation
Published
A communication style characterised by the initiator addressing the recipient in the manner of a teacher or lecturer.
didactic communication style
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D037001
Published
A communication style intended to play an active role in another person's decision making.
Note that this class is different from direct communication style
directive communication style
using non-technical language, using clear language, avoiding jargon
Published
A communication style characterised by using language in a manner intended to be easily understandable to a recipient.
This can involve using plain and simple language
easily comprehended communication style
Published
A communication style which conveys an insightful awareness of the feelings and behaviours of the recipient.
sensitivity, compassion
empathic communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by attempting to attract and maintain a recipient's interest or attention.
engaging communication style
Published
A communication style intended to be amusing or enjoyable for the recipient.
fun
entertaining communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by the use of traditional standards of correctness and etiquette and without casual, contracted, or colloquial forms of language.
formal communication style
Published
A communication style conveying feelings of annoyance at time taken to understand or complete a process.
impatient communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by the use of casual or colloquial language rather than formal language.
"Colloquial" language is language that is typically used in ordinary conversation rather than in formal communication
informal communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by an emphasis on reasoning and promoting objective understanding.
intellectual communication style
interactive presentation
Published
A communication style characterised by being responsive to the recipient's activity.
interactive communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by making a person feel that their perspective or emotions are legitimate.
validating emotions
This entails a deliberate strategy to make the person feel their perspective is legitimate
legitimising communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by suggesting the initiator is open to or able to accept criticism.
non-defensive communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by being diplomatic and avoiding conflict.
non-confrontational communication style
Published
A communication style that demonstrates that one is not assigning a positive or negative valence to another's views or behaviours.
non-judgmental communication style
"willing to listen"
Published
A communication style conveying willingness to take time to understand or complete a process.
patient communication style
Published
A communication style which aims to induce or urge the adoption of certain beliefs, theories or lines of action.
http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MESH/D010565
persuasive communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by courtesy.
polite communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by a lack of tension or anxiety.
calm communication style
relaxed communication style
"acknowledging the victim's feelings"
Published
A communication style suggesting an understanding of and regard for the feelings, wishes, or rights of others.
This class involves showing regard for the feelings etc of others from the outset, but not necessarily adapting one's own communication based on what the other says. In contrast, responsive communication style is adapting the response as a result of how another person is communicating.
respectful communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by adapting to the views and behaviours of the recipient.
This class is adapting response as a result of how another person is communicating. In contrast, respectful communication style involves showing regard for the feelings etc of others from the outset, but not necessarily adapting one's own communication based on what the other says
responsive communication style
Using talking points, using conversation guides, having a list of topics to cover
Published
A communication style involving the communication content having some constituent pre-planned parts but also being responsive to inputs.
organised communication style
semi-structured communication style
Published
A communication style involving the communication content having constituent pre-planned parts.
standardised
This class is pre-planned style but not to the extent of using a written script. In contrast, "Script-based communication" involves tightly following a set of written instructions.
structured communication style
Published
A communication style similar to that used for dramatic performance or the theatre.
theatrical communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by one participant having more control over a conversation than the other.
verbally dominant communication style
Published
A communication style which demonstrates human interest and caring.
friendly communication style
warm communication style
offering contact, inviting patient to contact you in the event of difficulties or questions
Published
A communication aimed at building or managing aspects of the interpersonal relationship between an initiator and a recipient rather than focusing on delivering communication content.
relationship building
Published
An attribute of an oral communication relating to the rhythm and pitch of what is said.
tone of voice
Published
An attribute of an oral communication relating to the speed with which an individual speaks.
oral communication pace
colour scheme chosen for a website, style of images used for a booklet, brightly coloured reminder stickers
Published
An attribute of an object used in a communication process, concerning how information sensed with the eyes is presented, which may include colours/fonts/images/spacing/sizing.
object visual style
Health care professionals' uniform to convey authority and knowledge, doctors not wearing white coats to speak to children
Published
An attribute of an intervention person source concerning how they appear to others.
may be purposefully chosen to convey certain attributes of the source
source visual style
arrangement of chairs in the room for a group intervention, amount of space between blocks of text in a leaflet, arrangement of sections of a website
Published
An attribute of an object used in communication process, concerning how the object's components are arranged.
http://id.loc.gov/ontologies/bibframe/Layout
the arrangement of components can be deliberately chosen to help communicate intervention content
object layout
including adequate blank space and empty circles for the young people and their carers to record and review agenda items
Published
An attribute of a text used in communication process, concerning the ease of understanding the wording or other qualitative aspects of the text that facilitate comprehension.
readability
Published
A communication style characterised by nervousness or unease.
anxious communication style
Published
A planned process by which intervention content is delivered.
intervention delivery
Published
A planned process that is part of an intervention and is intended to be causally active in influencing the intervention outcome.
intervention content
Published
The aggregate of processes taking place at the same time as a behaviour change intervention.
BCI temporal context
behaviour change intervention temporal context
Published
An event which occurs during a behaviour change intervention temporal context.
BCI temporal context event
behaviour change intervention temporal context event
Published
Individual human behaviour change that involves a person, who enacted a behaviour pattern until a specific timepoint, not performing this behaviour for a duration after that specific timepoint.
cessation of a behaviour pattern
behaviour change and process_part_of some ('history' and has_process_part some ('behaviour pattern' and before value t1) and has_process_part some ((not 'behaviour pattern') and after value t1 and before value t2))
individual human behaviour pattern cessation
Published
Individual human behaviour pattern cessation in which the behaviour pattern is tobacco use.
As with the parent class 'individual human behaviour pattern cessation' this class can only be identified after the duration for which cessation has occurred has elapsed and it is necessary to specify this period for the class to be meaningful.
tobacco use cessation
Non-enactment of a behaviour, cessation of a behaviour pattern, enactment of a behaviour, initiation of a behaviour pattern and change in attributes of a behaviour or behaviour pattern.
Published
A process that results in a difference in enactment of some individual human behaviour or individual human behaviour pattern from what would have been the case otherwise.
behaviour change
The term 'change' in behaviour change refers to change from what would have happened in the absence of a causal process. Thus. a process that results in a behaviour (e.g. going to the gym) being maintained when otherwise it would have lapsed is included in the class, as is not taking up smoking as a result of some intervention. behaviour change can refer to individual behaviours (e.g. attending a breast cancer screening appointment) or behaviour patterns (e.g. regular consumption of alcoholic beverages).
individual human behaviour change
Published
An individual human behaviour pattern that involves consumption behaviour.
consumption behaviour pattern
Published
A consumption behaviour pattern that involves substance use behaviour.
substance use behaviour pattern
Published
A social environmental system that consists of persons who have shared interests relating to their occupational roles and are in contact or communication.
professional network
Published
A self-regulation capability to modulate one’s attention toward internal or external stimuli.
attentional self-regulation capability
Published
A personal capability that includes behaviours in its realisation.
behavioural capability
Published
A belief about the potential regret experienced as a result of an event.
belief about anticipated regret
Published
A belief about the outcomes resulting from an occurrence.
Consequences can be either positive or negative.
belief about consequences of an occurrence
Published
A belief about consequences of behaviour in terms of emotions.
belief about emotional consequences of behaviour
Published
A belief about consequences of behaviour in terms of health and wellbeing.
belief about health consequences of behaviour
Published
A belief about the probability of a behaviour resulting or not resulting in a change to emotions.
belief about likelihood of emotional consequences of behaviour
Published
A belief about the probability of a behaviour resulting or not resulting in a change to social outcomes.
belief about likelihood of social consequences of behaviour
Published
A self-regulation capability that is acquired through training or practice.
self-regulatory skill
Published
An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was caused by natural events and not by humans.
appraisal as caused by external non-human factors
Published
A belief about one's environment in terms of how easy it is for a person to approach and use a healthcare service.
belief about healthcare accessibility
Published
A belief about parts of one's environment that do not involve people or organisations.
belief about ones physical environment
Published
A belief about having enough time or a suitable period of time to enact a behaviour.
belief about sufficient time for a behaviour
Published
A mental disposition to be detached from other people due to exhaustion experienced in one's working environment.
disengagement due to workload
Published
A mental disposition that is realised in mental processes mentally manipulating representations of steps in an imagined process which has some goal.
A mental plan is the outcome of a planning process.
mental plan
Published
A self-identity that is associated with one's occupational role.
professional identity
Published
A mental disposition to focus more on future than present outcomes.
temporal orientation to the future
Published
A mental disposition to focus more on present than future outcomes.
temporal orientation to the present
Published
A negative emotion that occurs when a person wishes they chose or acted differently in the past, due to the consequences of that choice or action being unfavourable.
regret
Published
A subjective affective feeling of sadness.
feeling sadness
Published
A mental process that is sudden and compels an organism to think or behave in some way.
An impulse is not felt or consciously processed. If an impulse if frustrated, a person or other organism feels an urge.
impulse
Published
A mental process that involves taking notice of one's affective, mental or bodily experience without judging it as good or bad.
Acceptance
non-judgmental acknowledgement
Published
A mental process that involves creating adverse consequences for oneself if one does not stick to an intended course of action.
Pre-commitment
self-binding
Written language, spoken language and sign-language communication
Published
A human communication behaviour in which the information that is communicated is encoded in language.
linguistic communication behaviour
Communicating through bodily gestures, through pictograms and through sound (e.g. a siren going off communicates information about the presence of danger without the use of language)
Published
A human communication behaviour in which information is transmitted without being encoded in the meaning units of any language.
non-linguistic communication behaviour
Published
A mental process in which a lasting mental or behavioural change occurs as the result of experience.
The class 'learning' from the Gene Ontology was not reused but adapted for the Mechanism of Action (MoA) Ontology, as the Gene Ontology only focuses on learning adaptive behaviours in order to be relevant to all organisms.
learning
Published
Thinking that is about negative experiences and feelings, and repeated.
ruminating
Published
A process aggregate whose member parts are of the same type.
u is a uniform process aggregate means:
• u instance_of process aggregate
• P is the set {p1,…pn} of process aggregate member parts of u
• X is some descendant of process
• Each of {p1,…pn} in P is instance_of X
uniform process aggregate
Published
A bodily process that modulates the frequency, rate or extent of a response to external or internal stimuli and that is instigated by the person.
self-regulation process
Published
Tobacco use cessation in which the form of tobacco use is tobacco smoking.
tobacco smoking cessation
Published
A learning behaviour that involves improving a person's knowledge.
knowledge development behaviour
Published
Behaviour change intervention mechanism of action in which the causal influence affects a bodily disposition.
The relation between ‘mechanism of action through bodily disposition’ and ‘bodily disposition’ is labelled as ‘through'.
The ‘through’ relationship is defined as: ‘A relation that holds between an intervention’s mechanism of action and an entity x, in which the entity x (a) participates in or is part of the mechanism of action process and (b) is influenced by a BCI or its context such that there is some change in entity x.’
In this definition, ‘change’ refers to change from what would have been the case rather than change from an existing state of affairs. This is to capture the fact that mechanisms of action can act to sustain a current state of affairs, for example preventing smoking uptake. In the definition, ‘some change’ captures changes in salience, change in valence, or being added, increased, decreased, manifested/realised, created, started, stopped or altered rate.
mechanism of action through bodily disposition
Published
Behaviour change intervention mechanism of action in which the causal influence occurs in a bodily process.
The relation between ‘mechanism of action through bodily process’ and ‘bodily process’ is labelled as ‘through'.
The ‘through’ relationship is defined as: ‘A relation that holds between an intervention’s mechanism of action and an entity x, in which the entity x (a) participates in or is part of the mechanism of action process and (b) is influenced by a BCI or its context such that there is some change in entity x.’
In this definition, ‘change’ refers to change from what would have been the case rather than change from an existing state of affairs. This is to capture the fact that mechanisms of action can act to sustain a current state of affairs, for example preventing smoking uptake. In the definition, ‘some change’ captures changes in salience, change in valence, or being added, increased, decreased, manifested/realised, created, started, stopped or altered rate.
mechanism of action through bodily process
Published
Behaviour change intervention mechanism of action in which the causal influence affects a cognitive representation.
The relation between ‘mechanism of action through 'cognitive representation' and cognitive representation' is labelled as 'through'.
The ‘through’ relationship is defined as: ‘A relation that holds between an intervention’s mechanism of action and an entity x, in which the entity x (a) participates in or is part of the mechanism of action process and (b) is influenced by a BCI or its context such that there is some change in entity x.’
In this definition, ‘change’ refers to change from what would have been the case rather than change from an existing state of affairs. This is to capture the fact that mechanisms of action can act to sustain a current state of affairs, for example preventing smoking uptake. In the definition, ‘some change’ captures changes in salience, change in valence, or being added, increased, decreased, manifested/realised, created, started, stopped or altered rate.
mechanism of action through cognitive representation
Published
Behaviour change intervention mechanism of action in which the causal influence affects an environmental disposition.
The relation between ‘mechanism of action through environmental disposition' and ‘environmental disposition' is labelled as 'through'.
The ‘through’ relationship is defined as: ‘A relation that holds between an intervention’s mechanism of action and an entity x, in which the entity x (a) participates in or is part of the mechanism of action process and (b) is influenced by a BCI or its context such that there is some change in entity x.’
In this definition, ‘change’ refers to change from what would have been the case rather than change from an existing state of affairs. This is to capture the fact that mechanisms of action can act to sustain a current state of affairs, for example preventing smoking uptake. In the definition, ‘some change’ captures changes in salience, change in valence, or being added, increased, decreased, manifested/realised, created, started, stopped or altered rate.
mechanism of action through environmental disposition
Published
Behaviour change intervention mechanism of action in which the causal influence shifts the location of people or objects.
The relation between ‘mechanism of action through location' and ‘location' is labelled as 'through'.
The ‘through’ relationship is defined as: ‘A relation that holds between an intervention’s mechanism of action and an entity x, in which the entity x (a) participates in or is part of the mechanism of action process and (b) is influenced by a BCI or its context such that there is some change in entity x.’
In this definition, ‘change’ refers to change from what would have been the case rather than change from an existing state of affairs. This is to capture the fact that mechanisms of action can act to sustain a current state of affairs, for example preventing smoking uptake. In the definition, ‘some change’ captures changes in salience, change in valence, or being added, increased, decreased, manifested/realised, created, started, stopped or altered rate.
mechanism of action through location
Published
Behaviour change intervention mechanism of action in which the causal influence affects a material entity.
The relation between ‘mechanism of action through material entity’ and ‘material entity’ is labelled as‘through’.
The ‘through’ relationship is defined as: ‘A relation that holds between an intervention’s mechanism of action and an entity x, in which the entity x (a) participates in or is part of the mechanism of action process and (b) is influenced by a BCI or its context such that there is some change in entity x.’
In this definition, ‘change’ refers to change from what would have been the case rather than change from an existing state of affairs. This is to capture the fact that mechanisms of action can act to sustain a current state of affairs, for example preventing smoking uptake. In the definition, ‘some change’ captures changes in salience, change in valence, or being added, increased, decreased, manifested/realised, created, started, stopped or altered rate.
mechanism of action through material entity
Published
Behaviour change intervention mechanism of action in which the causal influence affects a personal role.
The relation between ‘mechanism of action through personal role’ and ‘personal role’ is labelled as ‘through’.
The ‘through’ relationship is defined as: ‘A relation that holds between an intervention’s mechanism of action and an entity x, in which the entity x (a) participates in or is part of the mechanism of action process and (b) is influenced by a BCI or its context such that there is some change in entity x.’
In this definition, ‘change’ refers to change from what would have been the case rather than change from an existing state of affairs. This is to capture the fact that mechanisms of action can act to sustain a current state of affairs, for example preventing smoking uptake. In the definition, ‘some change’ captures changes in salience, change in valence, or being added, increased, decreased, manifested/realised, created, started, stopped or altered rate.
mechanism of action through personal role
Published
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in a person.
Attributes included under this header are age, immigration, social and economic conditions.
personal attribute
Published
Tobacco smoking cessation in which the form of tobacco smoking is cigarette smoking.
cigarette smoking cessation
Published
A process attribute whose bearer is a behaviour change intervention.
behaviour change intervention attribute
BCI attribute
Published
A subjective affective feeling that is an attraction to an imagined scenario involving anticipated relief from or avoidance of mental or physical discomfort.
subjective need
Published
A subjective affective feeling that is an attraction to an imagined scenario involving anticipated pleasure or satisfaction.
subjective want
Published
Behavioural motivation that involves reflective thinking.
reflective behavioural motivation
Published
A mental information process that is the encoding, storing, and retrieval of informational stimuli.
memory process
Published
A goal interaction in which the goals are incompatible.
goal conflict
Published
A goal interaction in which the goals facilitate each other.
goal facilitation
Published
An information content entity that is about the extent to which goals are compatible with each other.
goal interaction
Feeling ticklish, feeling tingling
Published
A mental process that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli.
If a subjective feeling is valenced (i.e., an affective process), the more granular class “subjective affective feeling” can be used to capture this feeling.
subjective feeling
Published
A belief about one's position in life in relation to one's goals, expectations, standards and concerns.
belief about quality of life
Published
A behavioural capability that involves psychological abilities.
The class ‘psychological behavioural capability’ is the subclass of both ‘behavioural capability’ and ‘mental capability’ and refers to mental capabilities that are needed to realise a behaviour.
psychological behavioural capability
Published
A mental disposition to experience a subjective affective feeling about something.
The definition does not express the idea that the feeling is positive or negative because that is implied by the parent class.
The entity (‘something’) that is the object of the attitude is usually referred to as the ‘attitude object’.
affective attitude
Published
Affective attitude in which the entity that is the attitude object is a behaviour.
affective attitude towards a behaviour
Published
A mental disposition that is an affective attitude or an evaluative belief about something.
The class “attitude” is logically defined as an “effective attitude” or “evaluative belief”, as the term “attitude” can be used to refer to either class.
attitude
Published
An attitude in which the entity that is the attitude object is a behaviour.
The class “attitude towards a behaviour” is logically defined as an “affective attitude towards a behaviour” or “evaluative belief about a behaviour”, as the term “attitude towards a behaviour” can be used to refer to either class.
attitude towards a behaviour
Published
A guide how to perform behaviour BCT that involves suggesting the person avoid spending time with others who do a behaviour that the person wants to reduce or stop.
advise to avoid people who do an unwanted behaviour BCT
Published
An alter external stimulus BCT that involves removing an aversive stimulus to bring about behaviour change.
escape learning
remove aversive stimulus BCT
Published
An advise behavioural ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person perform a particular behaviour to enhance negative emotions.
advise behavioural ways to increase negative emotions BCT
Published
An advise behavioural ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person perform a particular behaviour to decrease negative emotions.
advise behavioural ways to reduce negative emotions BCT
Published
An advise cognitive ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person deliberately use a particular mental process to enhance positive emotions.
advise cognitive ways to increase positive emotions BCT
Published
An advise cognitive ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person deliberately use a particular mental process to decrease positive emotions.
advise cognitive ways to reduce positive emotions BCT
Published
An advise cognitive ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person deliberately use a particular mental process to enhance negative emotions.
advise cognitive ways to increase negative emotions BCT
Published
An advise cognitive ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person deliberately use a particular mental process to decrease negative emotions.
advise cognitive ways to reduce negative emotions BCT
Published
An advise sensory ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person use a method that stimulates one or more senses to enhance positive emotions.
advise sensory ways to increase positive emotions BCT
Published
An advise sensory ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person use a method that stimulates one or more senses to decrease positive emotions.
advise sensory ways to reduce positive emotions BCT
Published
An advise sensory ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person use a method that stimulates one or more senses to enhance negative emotions.
advise sensory ways to increase negative emotions BCT
Published
An advise sensory ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person use a method that stimulates one or more senses to decrease negative emotions.
advise sensory ways to reduce negative emotions BCT
Published
An advise how to change emotions BCT suggesting a method to enhance negative emotions.
advise how to increase negative emotions BCT
Published
An advise how to change emotions BCT suggesting a method to enhance positive emotions.
advise how to increase positive emotions BCT
Published
An advise how to change emotions BCT suggesting a method to decrease negative emotions.
stress management
If includes analysing the behavioural problem, also code 'goal strategising BCT'
advise how to reduce negative emotions BCT
Published
An advise how to change emotions BCT suggesting a method to decrease positive emotions.
advise how to reduce positive emotions BCT
Published
A restructure the social environment BCT that changes the person's directly experienced environment at the time the behaviour is, or would have been, performed.
directly restructure the social environment BCT
Published
A restructure the social environment BCT that changes the person's environment at a time or location other than when and where the behaviour is performed.
indirectly restructure the social environment BCT
Published
A restructure the environment BCT that alters the physical environment in which the behaviour is, or would have been, performed in a way that facilitates or impedes the behaviour.
physical space reorganisation, environmental modification
This may also involve 'reduce exposure to cues for the behaviour BCT'
restructure the physical environment BCT
Instructing schoolchildren to form a single file queue rather than mingle in a crowd.
Instructing people in a smoking cessation group to sit in a circle rather than in rows
Published
A restructure the environment BCT that alters the social environment in which the behaviour is, or would have been, performed in a way that facilitates or impedes the behaviour.
interpersonal environment restructuring, social context modification
This may also involve 'reduce exposure to cues for the behaviour BCT'
restructure the social environment BCT
Published
An advise behavioural ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person perform a particular behaviour to enhance positive emotions.
advise behavioural ways to increase positive emotions BCT
Published
An advise behavioural ways to change emotions BCT suggesting the person perform a particular behaviour to decrease positive emotions.
advise behavioural ways to reduce positive emotions BCT
Published
Providing a healthcare that involves a procedure to assess another person’s health or wellbeing.
providing healthcare testing
Published
Providing healthcare testing to detect the presence of a health condition in a person who is asymptomatic for that condition.
providing in health screening
Published
Providing healthcare that involves advising and authorising the use of a treatment to improve or maintain another person's health or wellbeing.
prescribing behaviour
Published
Prescribing behaviour that involves advising and authorising the use of a medicine.
Medicine is defined as type of drug, i.e., ‘any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions.’ (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888)
Prescribing medication can include advising and authorising to stop using a medicine.
prescribing medication
Published
Prescribing behaviour that involves advising and authorising the performance of a behaviour or a series of behaviours.
prescribing behavioural regime
Published
Prescribing behaviour that involves advising and authorising the participation in services targeting social, economic or environmental factors that affect health or wellbeing.
social prescribing
Published
Providing healthcare that involves assessing a person's health or wellbeing after a period of taking a prescribed medication and assessing whether the medication continues to be appropriate.
reviewing prescribed medication
Published
Providing healthcare that involves administering a vaccination to prevent or lower the risk of a disease.
Vaccination is defined as “a medical intervention that involves adding a vaccine into a host (e.g., human, mouse) in vivo with the intent to invoke an adaptive immune response.” (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/VO_0000002)
administering vaccine
Published
Providing healthcare that involves communicating guidance or recommendations to improve or maintain another person’s health or wellbeing.
providing healthcare advice
Published
Providing healthcare that involves directing a person to another healthcare professional or organisation to assess, monitor, improve or maintain an aspect of this person’s health or wellbeing.
making a referral to another health care service
Published
Providing healthcare that involves interacting with a person to improve or maintain aspects of this person’s health or wellbeing.
providing healthcare treatment
Published
Providing healthcare treatment that involves advising, encouraging or physically supporting, a person to perform movements that remediate this person’s bodily impairments or promote mobility, function or quality of life.
providing physical therapy
Published
Providing healthcare treatment that uses communication or recommended tasks to assess and improve a person’s adaptive mental or behavioural functioning.
providing psychological treatment
Published
Providing psychological treatment that involves creative and expressive processes.
providing creative arts therapy
Published
Providing healthcare treatment that aims to enable people to participate in the activities of everyday life.
providing occupational therapy
Published
Providing healthcare treatment that aims to improve or restore communication, eating, drinking or swallowing.
providing speech and language therapy
Showering, bathing, makeup removing
Published
A personal bodily care behaviour that attends to hygiene by cleaning or washing oneself or parts of the body.
bodily hygiene behaviour
Published
A bodily hygiene behaviour that involves cleaning or washing one's hands.
handwashing
Tooth-brushing, flossing, using mouthwash
Published
A bodily hygiene behaviour that attends to oral heath by cleaning one's teeth, gums or tongue.
dental hygiene behaviour
Published
A personal bodily care behaviour that involves wearing clothes providing comfort and protecting oneself from ambient conditions.
dressing behaviour
Hair-arranging, Make-up applying
Published
A personal bodily care behaviour that attends to making changes to one's body to achieve a desired appearance.
appearance-based bodily behaviour
Published
A non-linguistic communication behaviour using one's voice to produce sounds.
non-linguistic communication behaviour using vocalisations
Published
An expressive behaviour showing elation, amusement or scorn by means of facial expressions and repeated sharp exhalations.
An individual human behaviour showing an emotion such as mirth, joy, or scorn with a chuckle or explosive vocal sound.
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/laugh
Based on https://www.britannica.com/topic/humor#ref126128
laughing
Published
A non-linguistic communication behaviour using body language characterised by the meeting of eyes with another individual.
non-linguistic communication behaviour using eye contact
Published
A substance use behaviour that involves drinking an alcohol-containing product.
alcohol consumption
Published
Inhaling consumption that that involves using an e-cigarette.
E-cigarettes do not necessarily have to include nicotine but can involve inhaling flavourings or other chemicals.
e-cigarette use
Published
Inhaling consumption that involves the use of an electronic vaping device.
electronic vaping device use
Published
Inhaling consumption that involves using a device to consume an aerosol.
vaping device use
Published
A communication style characterised by aggression.
aggressive communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by anger.
http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MFOEM_000009
angry communication style
Published
Asking questions in order to better understand an issue.
asking clarifying questions
Elicit concerns, problems and reactions
Published
An exploring communication focused on a person's affective responses to a matter.
communication exploring a person's feelings about a topic
Published
A process involving the transmission of information between two or more participants.
NCIT:C16452
The participants in the communication process can be of a variety of types, e.g. a human talking to an automated chatbot system, two computer systems exchanging information, a person talking to a pet animal etc.
communication
Published
An exploring communication focused on a person's affective responses to an experience.
An experience can be any situation or state a person encounters or undergoes
communication exploring a person's feelings about an experience
clarifying what someone has said
Published
An exploring communication focused on what a person thinks about a matter.
communication exploring a person's thoughts about a topic
Published
An exploring communication focused on what a person thinks about an experience.
An experience can be any situation or state a person encounters or undergoes
communication exploring a person's thoughts about an experience
Published
A communication involving the expressed recognition of what another has expressed.
communication showing acknowledgement
Published
A communication style characterised by the explicit presentation of information.
Note that this class is different from directive communication style
direct communication style
Published
A communication style intended to amuse.
humorous communication style
Published
A communication style characterised by not adapting to the views and behaviours of the recipient.
non-responsive communication style
Published
A communication style conveying information in a hurried way.
rushed communication style
Published
Self-injecting consumption that involves administering liquids into one’s veins.
intravenous self-injecting
Published
A consumption behaviour that involves breathing in a material through the nose or mouth.
inhaling consumption
Published
Inhaling consumption that involves breathing in a material through the nose.
sniffing consumption
Nicotine patches, hormone patches, pain relief gels
Published
A consumption behaviour that involves applying a material to the skin and ingesting this material into the circulation through the skin.
transdermal consumption
Published
An inter-personal behaviour that involves providing physical, psychological or social assistance to another.
social support behaviour
Mistreatment, Sexual assault, Engaging in domestic violence, Physical attack, Abuse behaviour
Published
A harmful behaviour that involves interacting with another animal and thereby causing harm to its health, wellbeing or social functioning.
The term 'animal' in the definition includes humans and other animals.
‘Harmful behaviour to others’ will involve a direct interaction between the person performing the behaviour and the person or animal that is negatively affected.
harmful behaviour to others
Published
A health-related behaviour that involves interacting with a healthcare provider in order to assess, monitor, improve or maintain an aspect of one's health.
A ‘healthcare provider’ can be a person or organisation
utilising healthcare
Published
Utilising healthcare that involves scheduling a time to interact with a person or organisation providing healthcare.
arranging a healthcare service appointment
Blood test to check for anaemia, psychological testing
Published
Utilising healthcare that involves participating in a healthcare procedure to assess or monitor an aspect of one’s health or wellbeing.
Healthcare procedure is defined as ‘a healthcare intervention that refers to any series of pre-defined steps that should be followed to achieve a desired result.’
participating in healthcare testing
Screen for breast cancer, screen for perinatal depression
Published
Participating in healthcare testing to detect the presence of a health condition while asymptomatic for that condition.
participating in health screening
Published
Utilising healthcare that involves interacting with a healthcare provider to receive a vaccination to prevent or lower the risk of a disease.
Vaccination is defined as “a medical intervention that involves in adding vaccine into a host (e.g., human, mouse) in vivo with the intent to invoke an adaptive immune response.” (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/VO_0000002)
undergoing vaccination
Undergoing surgery
Published
Utilising healthcare that involves interacting with a health professional to improve or maintain aspects of one's health or wellbeing.
participating in healthcare treatment
Published
Participating in healthcare treatment that involves advice, encouragement, or physical support to perform movements that remediate one’s bodily impairments or promote mobility, function or quality of life.
participating in physical therapy
Published
Participating in healthcare treatment that uses communication or recommended tasks to assess and improve adaptive mental or behavioural functioning.
participating in psychological treatment
Published
Participating in psychological treatment that involves creative and expressive processes.
participating in creative arts therapy
Published
Participating in healthcare treatment that aims to enable people to participate in the activities of everyday life.
participating in occupational therapy
Published
Participating in healthcare treatment that aims to improve or restore communication, eating, drinking or swallowing.
participating in speech and language therapy
Published
A health-related behaviour that uses a method to monitor and record an indicator of one’s health or wellbeing.
self-monitoring an aspect of health
Published
A personal bodily care behaviour that involves protecting one's skin or eyes from the damaging effects of the sun.
‘Sun protective behaviour’ is defined in terms of its goal (to protect oneself from the damaging effects of the sun) and can include very different behaviours, e.g., applying sunscreen and staying in the shade.
sun protective behaviour
Published
A consumption behaviour that involves ingesting a medicine to treat or relieve symptoms of a health condition or maintain an aspect of health or wellbeing.
pharmacological consumption
Medicine is defined as type of drug, i.e., ‘any substance which when absorbed into a living organism may modify one or more of its functions.’ (http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/CHEBI_23888)
medication-taking
Published
A health-related behaviour that involves assessing, monitoring, improving or maintaining an aspect of another person’s health.
providing healthcare
Published
Providing healthcare that involves assessing symptoms and signs in order to detect the nature of a health condition.
Symptoms are experienced or felt by the individual (e.g., pain or a rash), while signs are observed or detected by the healthcare professional (e.g., low blood sugar). There can be overlap between symptoms and signs, as some symptoms can be observed or detected by a healthcare professional.
diagnostic healthcare behaviour
Published
A consumption behaviour that involves administering a liquid into one’s body with a needle and a syringe.
In the definition, ‘a needle and a springe’ include both a standard needle and syringe but also an autoinjector.
self-injecting consumption
A person has a behaviour disposition to realise consumption behaviour
Published
A bodily disposition that is realised as some behaviour.
behavioural disposition
Published
A consumption behaviour that involves putting a material into one’s mouth and swallowing this material.
oral consumption
Watching a movie
Published
An object-using behaviour that involves deriving meaning from visual or audiovisual material.
watching behaviour
Published
A criterion that is a characteristics of some population or setting that is used to include them in the BCI population.
BCI selection criterion
Published
An object-using behaviour that involves interacting with programs, procedures, documentation or data on an electronic device.
digital interaction behaviour
Published
An experience-related behaviour that involves avoiding, reducing or escaping anxiety, stress, sorrow, shame and unhappiness.
distress minimization behaviour
distress minimisation behaviour
Published
Oral consumption behaviour that involves swallowing a liquid material.
drinking
Published
Oral consumption behaviour that involves chewing and swallowing some solid components
eating
Published
A non-linguistic communication behaviour that involves expressing thoughts or feelings through bodily movement or posture.
non-linguistic communication behaviour using body language
Published
Non-linguistic communication behaviour using body language that involves movements of facial muscles to express thoughts or feelings.
non-linguistic communication behaviour using facial expression
Touching
Published
A material-entity related behaviour that makes physical contact with something.
physical contact behaviour
Published
An object-using behaviour that involves attending to audiomaterial.
audio presentation listening behaviour
walking three times a week
Published
A data item that is about the number of times a behaviour occurs in a time period.
behavioural frequency
harassment behaviour occurred three times
Published
A data item that is about the number of times a behaviour has occurred.
number of behavioural occurrences
linguistic communication behaviour has_behavioural_attribute tip up tongue placement
Published
A behavioural attribute that is the physical way in which a behaviour is enacted.
behavioural form
writing has high mental exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
A behavioural attribute that is the level of mental effort expended on the behaviour to be enacted.
mental exertion expended on a behaviour
physical performance behaviour has high physical exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
A behavioural attribute that is the level of musculoskeletal work expended on the behaviour to be enacted.
physical exertion expended on a behaviour
Doing mathematics homework has high cognitive exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Mental exertion expended on a behaviour where the exertion involves cognitive processes.
cognitive exertion expended on a behaviour
Greeting customers cheerily when tired has high emotional management exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Mental exertion expended on a behaviour where the exertion involves control over emotions or their expression.
emotional management exertion expended on a behaviour
physical performance behaviour has_behavioural_attribute behavioural attribute
Published
A process attribute of an individual human behaviour.
behavioural attribute
Published
An individual human behaviour that relates to health.
health-related behaviour
Published
An individual human behaviour related to vital bodily functions.
life function-related behaviour
Published
An individual human behaviour that relates to a material entity.
material entity-related behaviour
Published
An individual human behaviour that relates to the enactor's posture or location.
position-related behaviour
Published
An individual human behaviour that relates to the social environment.
socially-related behaviour
Published
An expressive behaviour involving vibration of the vocal chords.
vocalisation behaviour
Published
An individual human behaviour that relates to some subjective experience of the behaving person.
experience-related behaviour
Published
A behavioural attribute that is to what extent the behaviour is a response to reflective motivation or thinking.
This class is a dimension and involves any conscious thought processes that lead to a behaviour in some way, even if those processes are themselves influenced by emotional processes and biases.
reflectiveness
Proposed
A goal directed BCT that changes an existing goal for the behaviour to be achieved.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving.
change behaviour goal BCT
Proposed
A goal directed BCT that changes an existing goal for the outcome to be achieved.
A goal is a cognitive representation of an end state towards which one is striving.
change outcome goal BCT
Published
A behavioural attribute that is the extent to which the behaviour is caused by a behavioural intention.
This class is a dimension and is differentiated from reflectiveness because a behaviour may be fully intentional but involve little reflective thought, e.g., when driving carelessly. In this class the intention relates to the behaviour itself. If a person intends to do one thing but accidentally does something else it does not count as intentional in this class, e.g., if someone intends to injure someone else and ends up killing them, that would not count as intentionally killing them.
intentionality
Published
A uniform process aggregate whose members are individual behaviour patterns of a population.
population behaviour pattern
Published
A temporal interval during which a person is abstinent from a behaviour.
abstinence duration
Published
A time point that is the end of an abstinence period.
We often refer to timepoints when we mean a specific time or some extended period (e.g., Monday). This class allows for the natural usage of a term while maintaining ontological coherence.
abstinence end point
Published
A personal attribute in which a person does not engage in a behaviour during a time period.
abstinence from a behaviour
Published
A time point that is the start of an abstinence period.
We often refer to timepoints when we mean a specific time or some extended period (e.g., Monday). This class allows for the natural usage of a term while maintaining ontological coherence.
abstinence start point
Published
A time point that is the end of an individual human behaviour.
We often refer to timepoints when we mean a specific time or some extended period (e.g., Monday). This class allows for the natural usage of a term while maintaining ontological coherence.
behaviour end point
Published
A time point that is the start of an individual human behaviour.
We often refer to timepoints when we mean a specific time or some extended period (e.g., Monday). This class allows for the natural usage of a term while maintaining ontological coherence.
behaviour starting point
Published
A temporal interval within which an individual human behaviour occurs.
behavioural duration
Published
An expressive behaviour that involves tears, and facial expressions of distress.
crying
Proposed
Published
An individual human behaviour that conveys a thought or feeling.
expressive behaviour
Published
An expressive behaviour that involves the muscles of the face.
If facial expression behaviour is enacted when communicating with someone, please refer to the class labelled ‘non-linguistic communication behaviour using facial expression’ (BCIO:050425).
facial expression behaviour
Published
An expressive behaviour involving a movement of the limbs, head or torso.
If the gesticulatory behaviour is enacted when communicating with someone, please refer to the class labelled ‘non-linguistic communication behaviour using gesture’ (BCIO:036002).
gesticulatory expressive behaviour
Published
A posture behaviour that is expressive.
If postural behaviour is enacted when communicating with someone, please refer to the class labelled ‘non-linguistic communication behaviour using body language’ (BCIO:050424)
postural expressive behaviour
Published
A vocalisation behaviour that expresses something using words.
If talking is enacted when communicating with someone, please refer to the class labelled ‘linguistic communication behaviour’ (BCIO:050237)
talking
Published
Cognitive exertion expended on a behaviour that is high.
High cognitive exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what high exertion means based on the measurement you use).
high cognitive exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Emotional management exertion expended on a behaviour that is high.
High emotional management exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what high exertion means based on the measurement you use).
high emotional management exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Mental exertion expended on a behaviour that is high.
High mental exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what high exertion means based on the measurement you use).
high mental exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Physical exertion expended on a behaviour that is high
High physical exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what high exertion means based on the measurement you use).
high physical exertion expended on behaviour
Published
Cognitive exertion expended on a behaviour that is low.
Low cognitive exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what low exertion means based on the measurement you use).
low cognitive exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Emotional management exertion expended on a behaviour that is low.
Low emotional management exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what low exertion means based on the measurement you use).
low emotional management exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Mental exertion expended on a behaviour that is low.
Low mental exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what low exertion means based on the measurement you use).
low mental exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Physical exertion expended on a behaviour that is low.
Low physical exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what low exertion means
low physical exertion expended on behaviour
Published
Cognitive exertion expended on a behaviour that is medium.
Moderate cognitive exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what moderate exertion means based on the measurement you use).
moderate cognitive exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Emotional management exertion expended on a behaviour that is medium.
Moderate emotional management exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what moderate exertion means based on the measurement you use).
moderate emotional management exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Mental exertion expended on a behaviour that is medium.
Moderate mental exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what moderate exertion means based on the measurement you use).
moderate mental exertion expended on a behaviour
Published
Physical exertion expended on a behaviour that is medium.
Moderate physical exertion will mean different things depending on how this concept is operationalised. Therefore, when using this class, you would need to operationalise it for the relevant context (e.g., specify what moderate exertion means based on the measurement you use).
moderate physical exertion expended on behaviour
entity
Entity
entity
Julius Caesar
Verdi’s Requiem
the Second World War
your body mass index
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist.
BFO 2 Reference: In all areas of empirical inquiry we encounter general terms of two sorts. First are general terms which refer to universals or types:animaltuberculosissurgical procedurediseaseSecond, are general terms used to refer to groups of entities which instantiate a given universal but do not correspond to the extension of any subuniversal of that universal because there is nothing intrinsic to the entities in question by virtue of which they – and only they – are counted as belonging to the given group. Examples are: animal purchased by the Emperortuberculosis diagnosed on a Wednesdaysurgical procedure performed on a patient from Stockholmperson identified as candidate for clinical trial #2056-555person who is signatory of Form 656-PPVpainting by Leonardo da VinciSuch terms, which represent what are called ‘specializations’ in [81
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35120
entity
entities
entitātem
Entity doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example Werner Ceusters 'portions of reality' include 4 sorts, entities (as BFO construes them), universals, configurations, and relations. It is an open question as to whether entities as construed in BFO will at some point also include these other portions of reality. See, for example, 'How to track absolutely everything' at http://www.referent-tracking.com/_RTU/papers/CeustersICbookRevised.pdf
per discussion with Barry Smith
An entity is anything that exists or has existed or will exist. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [001-001])
continuant
Continuant
continuant
An entity that exists in full at any time in which it exists at all, persists through time while maintaining its identity and has no temporal parts.
BFO 2 Reference: Continuant entities are entities which can be sliced to yield parts only along the spatial dimension, yielding for example the parts of your table which we call its legs, its top, its nails. ‘My desk stretches from the window to the door. It has spatial parts, and can be sliced (in space) in two. With respect to time, however, a thing is a continuant.’ [60, p. 240
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
continuant
Continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. For example, in an expansion involving bringing in some of Ceuster's other portions of reality, questions are raised as to whether universals are continuants
A continuant is an entity that persists, endures, or continues to exist through time while maintaining its identity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [008-002])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, c has_continuant_part b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [126-001])
if b is a continuant and if, for some t, cis continuant_part of b at t, then c is a continuant. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [009-002])
if b is a material entity, then there is some temporal interval (referred to below as a one-dimensional temporal region) during which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [011-002])
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (continuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [009-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (Continuant x) (exists (t) (hasContinuantPartOfAt y x t))) (Continuant y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [126-001]
(forall (x) (if (Continuant x) (Entity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [008-002]
(forall (x) (if (Material Entity x) (exists (t) (and (TemporalRegion t) (existsAt x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [011-002]
occurrent
Occurrent
An entity that has temporal parts and that happens, unfolds or develops through time.
BFO 2 Reference: every occurrent that is not a temporal or spatiotemporal region is s-dependent on some independent continuant that is not a spatial region
BFO 2 Reference: s-dependence obtains between every process and its participants in the sense that, as a matter of necessity, this process could not have existed unless these or those participants existed also. A process may have a succession of participants at different phases of its unfolding. Thus there may be different players on the field at different times during the course of a football game; but the process which is the entire game s-depends_on all of these players nonetheless. Some temporal parts of this process will s-depend_on on only some of the players.
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
occurrent
Occurrent doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the sum of a process and the process boundary of another process.
per discussion with Barry Smith
Simons uses different terminology for relations of occurrents to regions: Denote the spatio-temporal location of a given occurrent e by 'spn[e]' and call this region its span. We may say an occurrent is at its span, in any larger region, and covers any smaller region. Now suppose we have fixed a frame of reference so that we can speak not merely of spatio-temporal but also of spatial regions (places) and temporal regions (times). The spread of an occurrent, (relative to a frame of reference) is the space it exactly occupies, and its spell is likewise the time it exactly occupies. We write 'spr[e]' and `spl[e]' respectively for the spread and spell of e, omitting mention of the frame.
An occurrent is an entity that unfolds itself in time or it is the instantaneous boundary of such an entity (for example a beginning or an ending) or it is a temporal or spatiotemporal region which such an entity occupies_temporal_region or occupies_spatiotemporal_region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [077-002])
Every occurrent occupies_spatiotemporal_region some spatiotemporal region. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [108-001])
b is an occurrent entity iff b is an entity that has temporal parts. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [079-001])
(forall (x) (if (Occurrent x) (exists (r) (and (SpatioTemporalRegion r) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x r))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [108-001]
(forall (x) (iff (Occurrent x) (and (Entity x) (exists (y) (temporalPartOf y x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [079-001]
ic
IndependentContinuant
a chair
a heart
a leg
a molecule
a spatial region
an atom
an orchestra.
an organism
the bottom right portion of a human torso
the interior of your mouth
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
anatomical entity (BFO)
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
A continuant that is a bearer of quality and realizable entity entities, in which other entities inhere and which itself cannot inhere in anything.
independent continuant
b is an independent continuant = Def. b is a continuant which is such that there is no c and no t such that b s-depends_on c at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [017-002])
For any independent continuant b and any time t there is some spatial region r such that b is located_in r at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [134-001])
For every independent continuant b and time t during the region of time spanned by its life, there are entities which s-depends_on b during t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [018-002])
(forall (x t) (if (IndependentContinuant x) (exists (r) (and (SpatialRegion r) (locatedInAt x r t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [134-001]
(forall (x t) (if (and (IndependentContinuant x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (Entity y) (specificallyDependsOnAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [018-002]
(iff (IndependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (not (exists (b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [017-002]
s-region
SpatialRegion
BFO 2 Reference: Spatial regions do not participate in processes.
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
spatial region
Spatial region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the union of a spatial point and a spatial line that doesn't overlap the point, or two spatial lines that intersect at a single point. In both cases the resultant spatial region is neither 0-dimensional, 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional, or 3-dimensional.
per discussion with Barry Smith
A spatial region is a continuant entity that is a continuant_part_of spaceR as defined relative to some frame R. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [035-001])
All continuant parts of spatial regions are spatial regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [036-001])
(forall (x y t) (if (and (SpatialRegion x) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)) (SpatialRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [036-001]
(forall (x) (if (SpatialRegion x) (Continuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [035-001]
t-region
TemporalRegion
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
temporal region
Temporal region doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't exhaust all possibilites. An example would be the mereological sum of a temporal instant and a temporal interval that doesn't overlap the instant. In this case the resultant temporal region is neither 0-dimensional nor 1-dimensional
per discussion with Barry Smith
A temporal region is an occurrent entity that is part of time as defined relative to some reference frame. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [100-001])
All parts of temporal regions are temporal regions. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [101-001])
Every temporal region t is such that t occupies_temporal_region t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [119-002])
(forall (r) (if (TemporalRegion r) (occupiesTemporalRegion r r))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [119-002]
(forall (x y) (if (and (TemporalRegion x) (occurrentPartOf y x)) (TemporalRegion y))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [101-001]
(forall (x) (if (TemporalRegion x) (Occurrent x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [100-001]
process
Process
a process of cell-division, \ a beating of the heart
a process of meiosis
a process of sleeping
the course of a disease
the flight of a bird
the life of an organism
your process of aging.
An occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t.
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
BFO 2 Reference: The realm of occurrents is less pervasively marked by the presence of natural units than is the case in the realm of independent continuants. Thus there is here no counterpart of ‘object’. In BFO 1.0 ‘process’ served as such a counterpart. In BFO 2.0 ‘process’ is, rather, the occurrent counterpart of ‘material entity’. Those natural – as contrasted with engineered, which here means: deliberately executed – units which do exist in the realm of occurrents are typically either parasitic on the existence of natural units on the continuant side, or they are fiat in nature. Thus we can count lives; we can count football games; we can count chemical reactions performed in experiments or in chemical manufacturing. We cannot count the processes taking place, for instance, in an episode of insect mating behavior.Even where natural units are identifiable, for example cycles in a cyclical process such as the beating of a heart or an organism’s sleep/wake cycle, the processes in question form a sequence with no discontinuities (temporal gaps) of the sort that we find for instance where billiard balls or zebrafish or planets are separated by clear spatial gaps. Lives of organisms are process units, but they too unfold in a continuous series from other, prior processes such as fertilization, and they unfold in turn in continuous series of post-life processes such as post-mortem decay. Clear examples of boundaries of processes are almost always of the fiat sort (midnight, a time of death as declared in an operating theater or on a death certificate, the initiation of a state of war)
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
process
p is a process = Def. p is an occurrent that has temporal proper parts and for some time t, p s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [083-003])
(iff (Process a) (and (Occurrent a) (exists (b) (properTemporalPartOf b a)) (exists (c t) (and (MaterialEntity c) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [083-003]
disposition
Disposition
an atom of element X has the disposition to decay to an atom of element Y
certain people have a predisposition to colon cancer
children are innately disposed to categorize objects in certain ways.
the cell wall is disposed to filter chemicals in endocytosis and exocytosis
BFO 2 Reference: Dispositions exist along a strength continuum. Weaker forms of disposition are realized in only a fraction of triggering cases. These forms occur in a significant number of cases of a similar type.
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
disposition
b is a disposition means: b is a realizable entity & b’s bearer is some material entity & b is such that if it ceases to exist, then its bearer is physically changed, & b’s realization occurs when and because this bearer is in some special physical circumstances, & this realization occurs in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [062-002])
If b is a realizable entity then for all t at which b exists, b s-depends_on some material entity at t. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [063-002])
(forall (x t) (if (and (RealizableEntity x) (existsAt x t)) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (specificallyDepends x y t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [063-002]
(forall (x) (if (Disposition x) (and (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (MaterialEntity y) (bearerOfAt x y t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [062-002]
realizable
RealizableEntity
the disposition of this piece of metal to conduct electricity.
the disposition of your blood to coagulate
the function of your reproductive organs
the role of being a doctor
the role of this boundary to delineate where Utah and Colorado meet
A specifically dependent continuant that inheres in continuant entities and are not exhibited in full at every time in which it inheres in an entity or group of entities. The exhibition or actualization of a realizable entity is a particular manifestation, functioning or process that occurs under certain circumstances.
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
realizable entity
To say that b is a realizable entity is to say that b is a specifically dependent continuant that inheres in some independent continuant which is not a spatial region and is of a type instances of which are realized in processes of a correlated type. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [058-002])
All realizable dependent continuants have independent continuants that are not spatial regions as their bearers. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [060-002])
(forall (x t) (if (RealizableEntity x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (bearerOfAt y x t))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [060-002]
(forall (x) (if (RealizableEntity x) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x) (exists (y) (and (IndependentContinuant y) (not (SpatialRegion y)) (inheresIn x y)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [058-002]
quality
Quality
the ambient temperature of this portion of air
the color of a tomato
the length of the circumference of your waist
the mass of this piece of gold.
the shape of your nose
the shape of your nostril
External
A dependent entity that inheres in a bearer by virtue of how the bearer is related to other entities.
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
quality
quality
a quality is a specifically dependent continuant that, in contrast to roles and dispositions, does not require any further process in order to be realized. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [055-001])
If an entity is a quality at any time that it exists, then it is a quality at every time that it exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [105-001])
(forall (x) (if (Quality x) (SpecificallyDependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [055-001]
(forall (x) (if (exists (t) (and (existsAt x t) (Quality x))) (forall (t_1) (if (existsAt x t_1) (Quality x))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [105-001]
sdc
SpecificallyDependentContinuant
specifically dependent continuant
Reciprocal specifically dependent continuants: the function of this key to open this lock and the mutually dependent disposition of this lock: to be opened by this key
of one-sided specifically dependent continuants: the mass of this tomato
of relational dependent continuants (multiple bearers): John’s love for Mary, the ownership relation between John and this statue, the relation of authority between John and his subordinates.
the disposition of this fish to decay
the function of this heart: to pump blood
the mutual dependence of proton donors and acceptors in chemical reactions [79
the mutual dependence of the role predator and the role prey as played by two organisms in a given interaction
the pink color of a medium rare piece of grilled filet mignon at its center
the role of being a doctor
the shape of this hole.
the smell of this portion of mozzarella
A continuant that inheres in or is borne by other entities. Every instance of A requires some specific instance of B which must always be the same.
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
specifically dependent continuant
b is a relational specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a specifically dependent continuant and there are n > 1 independent continuants c1, … cn which are not spatial regions are such that for all 1 i < j n, ci and cj share no common parts, are such that for each 1 i n, b s-depends_on ci at every time t during the course of b’s existence (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [131-004])
b is a specifically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant & there is some independent continuant c which is not a spatial region and which is such that b s-depends_on c at every time t during the course of b’s existence. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [050-003])
Specifically dependent continuant doesn't have a closure axiom because the subclasses don't necessarily exhaust all possibilites. We're not sure what else will develop here, but for example there are questions such as what are promises, obligation, etc.
per discussion with Barry Smith
(iff (RelationalSpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (forall (t) (exists (b c) (and (not (SpatialRegion b)) (not (SpatialRegion c)) (not (= b c)) (not (exists (d) (and (continuantPartOfAt d b t) (continuantPartOfAt d c t)))) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t) (specificallyDependsOnAt a c t)))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [131-004]
(iff (SpecificallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (forall (t) (if (existsAt a t) (exists (b) (and (IndependentContinuant b) (not (SpatialRegion b)) (specificallyDependsOnAt a b t))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [050-003]
role
Role
John’s role of husband to Mary is dependent on Mary’s role of wife to John, and both are dependent on the object aggregate comprising John and Mary as member parts joined together through the relational quality of being married.
the priest role
the role of a boundary to demarcate two neighboring administrative territories
the role of a building in serving as a military target
the role of a stone in marking a property boundary
the role of subject in a clinical trial
the student role
BFO 2 Reference: One major family of examples of non-rigid universals involves roles, and ontologies developed for corresponding administrative purposes may consist entirely of representatives of entities of this sort. Thus ‘professor’, defined as follows,b instance_of professor at t =Def. there is some c, c instance_of professor role & c inheres_in b at t.denotes a non-rigid universal and so also do ‘nurse’, ‘student’, ‘colonel’, ‘taxpayer’, and so forth. (These terms are all, in the jargon of philosophy, phase sortals.) By using role terms in definitions, we can create a BFO conformant treatment of such entities drawing on the fact that, while an instance of professor may be simultaneously an instance of trade union member, no instance of the type professor role is also (at any time) an instance of the type trade union member role (any more than any instance of the type color is at any time an instance of the type length).If an ontology of employment positions should be defined in terms of roles following the above pattern, this enables the ontology to do justice to the fact that individuals instantiate the corresponding universals – professor, sergeant, nurse – only during certain phases in their lives.
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
role
b is a role means: b is a realizable entity & b exists because there is some single bearer that is in some special physical, social, or institutional set of circumstances in which this bearer does not have to be& b is not such that, if it ceases to exist, then the physical make-up of the bearer is thereby changed. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [061-001])
(forall (x) (if (Role x) (RealizableEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [061-001]
fiat object
fiat object part
object-aggregate
ObjectAggregate
a collection of cells in a blood biobank.
a swarm of bees is an aggregate of members who are linked together through natural bonds
a symphony orchestra
an organization is an aggregate whose member parts have roles of specific types (for example in a jazz band, a chess club, a football team)
defined by fiat: the aggregate of members of an organization
defined through physical attachment: the aggregate of atoms in a lump of granite
defined through physical containment: the aggregate of molecules of carbon dioxide in a sealed container
defined via attributive delimitations such as: the patients in this hospital
the aggregate of bearings in a constant velocity axle joint
the aggregate of blood cells in your body
the nitrogen atoms in the atmosphere
the restaurants in Palo Alto
your collection of Meissen ceramic plates.
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
BFO 2 Reference: object aggregates may gain and lose parts while remaining numerically identical (one and the same individual) over time. This holds both for aggregates whose membership is determined naturally (the aggregate of cells in your body) and aggregates determined by fiat (a baseball team, a congressional committee).
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
object aggregate
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
An entity a is an object aggregate if and only if there is a mutually exhaustive and pairwise disjoint partition of a into objects
ISBN:978-3-938793-98-5pp124-158#Thomas Bittner and Barry Smith, 'A Theory of Granular Partitions', in K. Munn and B. Smith (eds.), Applied Ontology: An Introduction, Frankfurt/Lancaster: ontos, 2008, 125-158.
b is an object aggregate means: b is a material entity consisting exactly of a plurality of objects as member_parts at all times at which b exists. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [025-004])
(forall (x) (if (ObjectAggregate x) (and (MaterialEntity x) (forall (t) (if (existsAt x t) (exists (y z) (and (Object y) (Object z) (memberPartOfAt y x t) (memberPartOfAt z x t) (not (= y z)))))) (not (exists (w t_1) (and (memberPartOfAt w x t_1) (not (Object w)))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [025-004]
site
Site
Manhattan Canyon)
a hole in the interior of a portion of cheese
a rabbit hole
an air traffic control region defined in the airspace above an airport
the Grand Canyon
the Piazza San Marco
the cockpit of an aircraft
the hold of a ship
the interior of a kangaroo pouch
the interior of the trunk of your car
the interior of your bedroom
the interior of your office
the interior of your refrigerator
the lumen of your gut
your left nostril (a fiat part – the opening – of your left nasal cavity)
External
A three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof.
Basic Formal Ontology
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
site
site
b is a site means: b is a three-dimensional immaterial entity that is (partially or wholly) bounded by a material entity or it is a three-dimensional immaterial part thereof. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [034-002])
(forall (x) (if (Site x) (ImmaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [034-002]
object
Object
atom
cell
cells and organisms
engineered artifacts
grain of sand
molecule
organelle
organism
planet
solid portions of matter
star
BFO 2 Reference: BFO rests on the presupposition that at multiple micro-, meso- and macroscopic scales reality exhibits certain stable, spatially separated or separable material units, combined or combinable into aggregates of various sorts (for example organisms into what are called ‘populations’). Such units play a central role in almost all domains of natural science from particle physics to cosmology. Many scientific laws govern the units in question, employing general terms (such as ‘molecule’ or ‘planet’) referring to the types and subtypes of units, and also to the types and subtypes of the processes through which such units develop and interact. The division of reality into such natural units is at the heart of biological science, as also is the fact that these units may form higher-level units (as cells form multicellular organisms) and that they may also form aggregates of units, for example as cells form portions of tissue and organs form families, herds, breeds, species, and so on. At the same time, the division of certain portions of reality into engineered units (manufactured artifacts) is the basis of modern industrial technology, which rests on the distributed mass production of engineered parts through division of labor and on their assembly into larger, compound units such as cars and laptops. The division of portions of reality into units is one starting point for the phenomenon of counting.
BFO 2 Reference: Each object is such that there are entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its interior, and other entities of which we can assert unproblematically that they lie in its exterior. This may not be so for entities lying at or near the boundary between the interior and exterior. This means that two objects – for example the two cells depicted in Figure 3 – may be such that there are material entities crossing their boundaries which belong determinately to neither cell. Something similar obtains in certain cases of conjoined twins (see below).
BFO 2 Reference: To say that b is causally unified means: b is a material entity which is such that its material parts are tied together in such a way that, in environments typical for entities of the type in question,if c, a continuant part of b that is in the interior of b at t, is larger than a certain threshold size (which will be determined differently from case to case, depending on factors such as porosity of external cover) and is moved in space to be at t at a location on the exterior of the spatial region that had been occupied by b at t, then either b’s other parts will be moved in coordinated fashion or b will be damaged (be affected, for example, by breakage or tearing) in the interval between t and t.causal changes in one part of b can have consequences for other parts of b without the mediation of any entity that lies on the exterior of b. Material entities with no proper material parts would satisfy these conditions trivially. Candidate examples of types of causal unity for material entities of more complex sorts are as follows (this is not intended to be an exhaustive list):CU1: Causal unity via physical coveringHere the parts in the interior of the unified entity are combined together causally through a common membrane or other physical covering\. The latter points outwards toward and may serve a protective function in relation to what lies on the exterior of the entity [13, 47
BFO 2 Reference: an object is a maximal causally unified material entity
BFO 2 Reference: ‘objects’ are sometimes referred to as ‘grains’ [74
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
object
b is an object means: b is a material entity which manifests causal unity of one or other of the types CUn listed above & is of a type (a material universal) instances of which are maximal relative to this criterion of causal unity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [024-001])
gdc
GenericallyDependentContinuant
The entries in your database are patterns instantiated as quality instances in your hard drive. The database itself is an aggregate of such patterns. When you create the database you create a particular instance of the generically dependent continuant type database. Each entry in the database is an instance of the generically dependent continuant type IAO: information content entity.
the pdf file on your laptop, the pdf file that is a copy thereof on my laptop
the sequence of this protein molecule; the sequence that is a copy thereof in that protein molecule.
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
generically dependent continuant
(iff (GenericallyDependentContinuant a) (and (Continuant a) (exists (b t) (genericallyDependsOnAt a b t)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [074-001]
b is a generically dependent continuant = Def. b is a continuant that g-depends_on one or more other entities. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [074-001])
function
Function
the function of a hammer to drive in nails
the function of a heart pacemaker to regulate the beating of a heart through electricity
the function of amylase in saliva to break down starch into sugar
External
A disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
BFO 2 Reference: In the past, we have distinguished two varieties of function, artifactual function and biological function. These are not asserted subtypes of BFO:function however, since the same function – for example: to pump, to transport – can exist both in artifacts and in biological entities. The asserted subtypes of function that would be needed in order to yield a separate monoheirarchy are not artifactual function, biological function, etc., but rather transporting function, pumping function, etc.
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
function
function
A function is a disposition that exists in virtue of the bearer’s physical make-up and this physical make-up is something the bearer possesses because it came into being, either through evolution (in the case of natural biological entities) or through intentional design (in the case of artifacts), in order to realize processes of a certain sort. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [064-001])
(forall (x) (if (Function x) (Disposition x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [064-001]
1d-t-region
OneDimensionalTemporalRegion
the temporal region during which a process occurs.
BFO 2 Reference: A temporal interval is a special kind of one-dimensional temporal region, namely one that is self-connected (is without gaps or breaks).
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
one-dimensional temporal region
A one-dimensional temporal region is a temporal region that is extended. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [103-001])
(forall (x) (if (OneDimensionalTemporalRegion x) (TemporalRegion x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [103-001]
material
MaterialEntity
material entity
a flame
a forest fire
a human being
a hurricane
a photon
a puff of smoke
a sea wave
a tornado
an aggregate of human beings.
an energy wave
an epidemic
the undetached arm of a human being
External
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
An independent continuant that is spatially extended whose identity is independent of that of other entities and can be maintained through time.
BFO 2 Reference: Material entities (continuants) can preserve their identity even while gaining and losing material parts. Continuants are contrasted with occurrents, which unfold themselves in successive temporal parts or phases [60
BFO 2 Reference: Object, Fiat Object Part and Object Aggregate are not intended to be exhaustive of Material Entity. Users are invited to propose new subcategories of Material Entity.
BFO 2 Reference: ‘Matter’ is intended to encompass both mass and energy (we will address the ontological treatment of portions of energy in a later version of BFO). A portion of matter is anything that includes elementary particles among its proper or improper parts: quarks and leptons, including electrons, as the smallest particles thus far discovered; baryons (including protons and neutrons) at a higher level of granularity; atoms and molecules at still higher levels, forming the cells, organs, organisms and other material entities studied by biologists, the portions of rock studied by geologists, the fossils studied by paleontologists, and so on.Material entities are three-dimensional entities (entities extended in three spatial dimensions), as contrasted with the processes in which they participate, which are four-dimensional entities (entities extended also along the dimension of time).According to the FMA, material entities may have immaterial entities as parts – including the entities identified below as sites; for example the interior (or ‘lumen’) of your small intestine is a part of your body. BFO 2.0 embodies a decision to follow the FMA here.
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
material entity
material entity
A material entity is an independent continuant that has some portion of matter as proper or improper continuant part. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [019-002])
Every entity which has a material entity as continuant part is a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [020-002])
every entity of which a material entity is continuant part is also a material entity. (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [021-002])
(forall (x) (if (MaterialEntity x) (IndependentContinuant x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [019-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt x y t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [021-002]
(forall (x) (if (and (Entity x) (exists (y t) (and (MaterialEntity y) (continuantPartOfAt y x t)))) (MaterialEntity x))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [020-002]
immaterial
ImmaterialEntity
BFO 2 Reference: Immaterial entities are divided into two subgroups:boundaries and sites, which bound, or are demarcated in relation, to material entities, and which can thus change location, shape and size and as their material hosts move or change shape or size (for example: your nasal passage; the hold of a ship; the boundary of Wales (which moves with the rotation of the Earth) [38, 7, 10
immaterial entity
process-profile
ProcessProfile
On a somewhat higher level of complexity are what we shall call rate process profiles, which are the targets of selective abstraction focused not on determinate quality magnitudes plotted over time, but rather on certain ratios between these magnitudes and elapsed times. A speed process profile, for example, is represented by a graph plotting against time the ratio of distance covered per unit of time. Since rates may change, and since such changes, too, may have rates of change, we have to deal here with a hierarchy of process profile universals at successive levels
One important sub-family of rate process profiles is illustrated by the beat or frequency profiles of cyclical processes, illustrated by the 60 beats per minute beating process of John’s heart, or the 120 beats per minute drumming process involved in one of John’s performances in a rock band, and so on. Each such process includes what we shall call a beat process profile instance as part, a subtype of rate process profile in which the salient ratio is not distance covered but rather number of beat cycles per unit of time. Each beat process profile instance instantiates the determinable universal beat process profile. But it also instantiates multiple more specialized universals at lower levels of generality, selected from rate process profilebeat process profileregular beat process profile3 bpm beat process profile4 bpm beat process profileirregular beat process profileincreasing beat process profileand so on.In the case of a regular beat process profile, a rate can be assigned in the simplest possible fashion by dividing the number of cycles by the length of the temporal region occupied by the beating process profile as a whole. Irregular process profiles of this sort, for example as identified in the clinic, or in the readings on an aircraft instrument panel, are often of diagnostic significance.
The simplest type of process profiles are what we shall call ‘quality process profiles’, which are the process profiles which serve as the foci of the sort of selective abstraction that is involved when measurements are made of changes in single qualities, as illustrated, for example, by process profiles of mass, temperature, aortic pressure, and so on.
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
process profile
b is a process_profile =Def. there is some process c such that b process_profile_of c (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [093-002])
b process_profile_of c holds when b proper_occurrent_part_of c& there is some proper_occurrent_part d of c which has no parts in common with b & is mutually dependent on b& is such that b, c and d occupy the same temporal region (axiom label in BFO2 Reference: [094-005])
(forall (x y) (if (processProfileOf x y) (and (properContinuantPartOf x y) (exists (z t) (and (properOccurrentPartOf z y) (TemporalRegion t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion x t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion y t) (occupiesSpatioTemporalRegion z t) (not (exists (w) (and (occurrentPartOf w x) (occurrentPartOf w z))))))))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [094-005]
(iff (ProcessProfile a) (exists (b) (and (Process b) (processProfileOf a b)))) // axiom label in BFO2 CLIF: [093-002]
A process that is initiated by an agent who intends to carry out a plan to achieve an objective through one or more actions as described in a plan specification.
planned process
An astrononmical body part which delimited by physical discontinuities with its surroundings.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_feature
macroscopic spatial feature
envoPolar
This class is being depopulated and will be filled only with inferred subclasses. Please do not use this for direct annotation, favouring instead a more descriptive subclass.
geographic feature
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
FTT:78
TGN:50001
man-made feature
manmade feature
anthropogenic geographic feature
An anthropogenic geographic feature is a geographic feature resulting from the influence of human beings on nature.
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles.
FTT:83
transport feature
A construction which enables the movement of humans, their animals or their vehicles.
MA:ma
External
An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land
An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land.
Environment Ontology
EcoLexicon:road
FTT:1058
FTT:1183
FTT:1185
FTT:1187
FTT:431
FTT:443
FTT:646
FTT:798
FTT:884
Geonames:R
Geonames:R.RD
Geonames:R.ST
LTER:475
SWEETRealm:Highway
TGN:53151
TGN:53153
TGN:53154
TGN:53157
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road
board walk
caravan route
causeway
drive
highway
intersection
parkway
road bend
road junction
traffic circle
accessway
alley
avenue
boulevard
cart track
drove
farm lane
freeway
lane
roadway
street
thorofare
thoroughfare
thruway
turnpike
road
An open way for the passage of vehicles, persons, or animals on land.
USGS:SDTS
board walk
USGS:SDTS
caravan route
ADL:FTT
causeway
ADL:FTT
drive
ADL:FTT
highway
ADL:FTT
highway
Getty:TGN
highway
USGS:SDTS
intersection
ADL:FTT
parkway
ADL:FTT
parkway
Getty:TGN
road bend
ADL:FTT
road junction
ADL:FTT
traffic circle
ADL:FTT
accessway
USGS:SDTS
alley
USGS:SDTS
avenue
USGS:SDTS
boulevard
USGS:SDTS
cart track
USGS:SDTS
drove
ADL:FTT
farm lane
USGS:SDTS
freeway
USGS:SDTS
roadway
ADL:FTT
street
ADL:FTT
street
Geonames:feature
street
Getty:TGN
street
USGS:SDTS
thorofare
USGS:SDTS
thoroughfare
USGS:SDTS
thruway
USGS:SDTS
turnpike
USGS:SDTS
A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort.
"constructed" should probably be made something like a quality and this class obsoleted or filled only by inference
constructed feature
human construction
A construction that has been assembled by deliberate human effort.
MA:ma
External
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of wate
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.
Environment Ontology
EcoLexicon:beach
EcoLexicon:to_beach
FTT:237
FTT:239
Geonames:T.BCH
Geonames:T.BCHS
SWEETRealm:Beach
TGN:21482
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach
Beach
beach berm
lagoon beach
beach
beaches
foreshore flats
rivage
strand
beach
A landform consisting of loose rock particles such as sand, gravel, shingle, pebbles, cobble, or even shell fragments along the shoreline of a body of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beach
Beach
NASA:earthrealm
beach berm
USGS:SDTS
lagoon beach
USGS:SDTS
beach
Geonames:feature
beaches
Geonames:feature
foreshore flats
USGS:SDTS
rivage
USGS:SDTS
strand
ADL:FTT
strand
USGS:SDTS
External
An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation
An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.
Environment Ontology
grazing area
herbaceous area
grassland
grassland area
An area in which grasses (Graminae) are a significant component of the vegetation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grassland
grazing area
Getty:TGN
herbaceous area
USGS:SDTS
Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.
FTT:1083
FTT:505
FTT:506
FTT:719
FTT:774
Geonames:V.GRVPN
LTER:503
SWEETRealm:Break
SWEETRealm:Scrub
TGN:21631
TGN:21632
TGN:21641
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woodland
brigalow
pine grove
caatinga
chanaral
coniferous forest
copse
deciduous forest
equatorial forest
equatorial rain forest
garique
grove
jungle
mallee scrub
monsoon forest
moor
mott
motte
mulga
mulga scrub
rain forest
reforested area
sagebrush
scrub
shrub
silva
stand
taiga
thicket
thorn forest
wood
wooded area
woodland area
Land having a cover of trees, shrubs, or both.
USGS:SDTS
brigalow
USGS:SDTS
pine grove
Geonames:feature
caatinga
USGS:SDTS
chanaral
USGS:SDTS
coniferous forest
USGS:SDTS
copse
USGS:SDTS
deciduous forest
USGS:SDTS
equatorial forest
USGS:SDTS
equatorial rain forest
USGS:SDTS
garique
USGS:SDTS
grove
ADL:FTT
grove
USGS:SDTS
jungle
Getty:TGN
jungle
USGS:SDTS
mallee scrub
USGS:SDTS
monsoon forest
USGS:SDTS
moor
USGS:SDTS
motte
USGS:SDTS
mulga
USGS:SDTS
mulga scrub
USGS:SDTS
rain forest
ADL:FTT
rain forest
Getty:TGN
reforested area
USGS:SDTS
sagebrush
USGS:SDTS
scrub
USGS:SDTS
shrub
USGS:SDTS
silva
USGS:SDTS
stand
USGS:SDTS
taiga
USGS:SDTS
thicket
USGS:SDTS
thorn forest
USGS:SDTS
wood
Getty:TGN
wooded area
USGS:SDTS
External
An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood
An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.
Environment Ontology
EcoLexicon:forest
FTT:258
FTT:506
FTT:715
FTT:717
Geonames:V.FRST
LTER:2
SWEETRealm:Forest
TGN:21641
TGN:21642
TGN:21645
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest
forest
wood
The definitions of forest can vary greatly, and different classes will be needed to support the major categories. Tree cover alone is not enough to distinguish between forests and plantations. The international definition proposed by the 2010 FAO Forestry Resource Assessment: "land spanning more than 0.5 ha with trees higher than 5 metres and canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ . It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use." - FAO. 2010. Global forest resources assessment 2010, Main report, FAO Forestry Paper 163. Rome.
forest
forested area
An area with a high density of trees. A small forest may be called a wood.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest
forest
Geonames:feature
wood
Getty:TGN
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material.
EcoLexicon:landform
EcoLexicon:landforms
FTT:754
FTT:96
SWEETRealm:Landform
TGN:21400
TGN:21401
geological feature
landform
physiographic feature
solid astronomical body part
A part of an astronomical body which is primarily composed of solid material.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform
geological feature
ADL:FTT
research lab
External
A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken
A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken.
Environment Ontology
research facility
A facility, permanent or temporary, on land, in air, space or water, where scientific research or measurements can be undertaken.
MA:ma
External
A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation
A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation.
Environment Ontology
park
A bounded area of land, or water, usually in its natural or semi-natural (landscaped) state and set aside for some purpose, usually to do with recreation or conservation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Park
Incorporated populated place.
urban area
EcoLexicon:city
FTT:430
FTT:483
FTT:484
FTT:485
SWEETRealm:City
TGN:83020
TGN:83040
TGN:83043
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City
ENVO:00000856
city
Incorporated populated place.
ADL:FTT
urban area
ADL:FTT
External
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
A system which has the disposition to surround and interact with one or more material entities.
2013-09-23T16:04:08Z
EcoLexicon:environment
environment
'The term 'disposition' is used to describe that an environmental system can surround and interact with one or more material entities. This conditionality is important, as an entity does not necessarily have to be in an specific environment system at all times.
The class 'environmental system' relates to what is found in the physical and social environment (e.g., how many streets are there for you to walk on), while the class 'opportunity' is about the features of the environment and how they interact with the person (e.g., whether an environment enables a person to take walks).
'environmental system' includes physical and social aspects of the environment. As all subclasses of 'environmental system' will have physical aspects, a separate subclass for 'physical environmental system' would not capture a unique aspect of its parent class.
In ENVO's alignment with the Basic Formal Ontology, this class is being considered as a subclass of a proposed BFO class "system". The relation "environed_by" is also under development. Roughly, a system which includes a material entity (at least partially) within its site and causally influences that entity may be considered to environ it. Following the completion of this alignment, this class' definition and the definitions of its subclasses will be revised.
environmental system
A system which has the disposition to environ one or more material entities.
DOI:10.1186/2041-1480-4-43
An anthropogenic environment is an environmental system which is the product of human activity.
Unsatisfactory definition here. Must consider the threshold that makes an environmental system anthropogenic.
anthropogenic environment
A site which has its extent determined by the presence or influence of one or more components of an environmental system or the processes occurring therein.
environmental area
envoPolar
Formerly, this class was an experimental class and a subclass of "environmental feature". It is now aligned to BFO. The class was not obsoleted as the core semantics maintained their stability through its transition.
environmental zone
External
A disposition which is realised by an environmental system or system parts thereof.
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
'Mental disposition' is a subclass of 'bodily disposition', as mental dispositions occur in the body.
This class and its subclasses are experimental and are being developed with NCEAS use cases in mind.
environmental disposition
A settlement with a high density of buildings and inhabitants.
See also: http://www.ecotope.org/anthromes/v1/guide/urban/12_dense_settlements/default.aspx
The thresholds for what makes a settlment "dense" can be determined as needed. If there is a specific threshold that should be added to ENVO, please make a new class request.
dense settlement
External
An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements
An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements.
Environment Ontology
A class created fro SDGIO. The definition of rural is highly varied, dealing with areas, settlements, and populations interchangeably. The 'rural' classes in ENVO aim to clarify these differing definitions. See issue #272.
rural area
rural area
An area which is outside of a town, city, or urban area. Rural areas are primarily used for agriculture or pastoralism and may contain rural settlements.
http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/am085e/am085e.pdf
A material part of an astronomical body.
Also note that some astronomical body parts (ABPs) may have fiat boundaries: if there's strong debate about where an ABP begins or ends (over and above fuzzy boundaries), with different official classifications setting different thresholds or limits, axiomatise the class with fiat boundaries of the appropriate dimension.
Note that material entities may have immaterial entities (e.g. sites) as parts.
This class includes material parts of astronomical bodies. Immaterial parts, such as magnetospheres, are represented as sites under the influence of magnetic fields.Please post countercases in the ENVO tracker for revision of this hierarchy if needed.
envoAstro
envoPolar
Material parts of astronomical bodies generally have boundaries formed by discontinuities in qualities, composition, or other physical characterisitcs. These boundaries are sometimes sharp, and sometimes diffuse, with different classification systems and communities declaring varying thresholds (e.g. for where a shoreline, forest, or other entity begins and ends). However, some boundaries are declared by fiat - that is, by arbitrary human convention or decree - particularly by regulatory or other authorities and communities of practice. The classes in this hierarchy attempt to offer generalisable definitions that allow multiple classfiication systems to map to and interoperate through. If desired, we can create classes that declare thresholds used by a given authority or community under the more generic ones, annotated with source information.
astronomical body part
External
Incorporated populated place
Environment Ontology
urban area
An environmental system which is determined by a living organism.
host-associated environment
envoEmpo
envoOmics
environmental system determined by an organism
An environmental system determined by an animal.
Animal
animal environment
Metazoan-associated environment
envoEmpo
envoMeo
envoOmics
animal-associated environment
Animal
http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/
An environmental system determined by part of a living or dead animal, or a whole small animal.
Animal corpus
envoEmpo
envoMeo
envoOmics
environment associated with an animal part or small animal
Animal corpus
http://press.igsb.anl.gov/earthmicrobiome/protocols-and-standards/emp-ontology-empo/
External
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
LTER:173
This class will be primarily filled by inference, any environmental system which necessarily includes living parts should be autoclassified here.
ecosystem
ecosystem
An environmental system which includes both living and non-living components.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystem
LTER:173
https://vocab.lternet.edu/vocab/vocab/index.php?tema=173&/ecosystems
An environmental zone which is bounded by material parts of a land mass or the atmosphere or space adjacent to it.
terrestrial environmental zone
A terrestrial zone which is bounded by constructed, manufactured, or other anthropogenic material entities.
anthropised terrestrial environmental zone
A construction which comprises a durable surface layer overlying a solid surface intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic.
constructed pavement
A construction which comprises a durable surface layer overlying a solid surface intended to sustain vehicular or foot traffic.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_surface
A vegetated area is a geographic feature which has ground cover dominated by plant communities.
ORCID:0000-0002-4366-3088
envoPolar
vegetated area
A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities.
2019-10-17T08:36:00Z
compound astronomical body part
A part of an astronomical body which is composed of a continuous medium bearing liquid, gaseous, and solid material in variable quantities.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landform
A material entity which has been assembled through the intentional, instinctual, or deliberately programmed efforts of an organism or machine.
2019-10-29T14:50:34Z
construction
An ecosystem which is formed as a result of human activity or impact.
2023-09-07T16:56:05Z
anthropised ecosystem
An anthropised ecosystem which is determined by the presence of humans and their constructions.
2023-09-07T16:58:25Z
human settlement
A landform which occurs on the surface of an astronomical body.
2021-05-15T09:16:23Z
geographic feature
The usage of "surface" here aligns with that of planetary surface: in contact with the atmosphere or space. The extent of the "surface" can vary. For rocky planets like Earth, astrogeologists consider the crust as the surface.
surface landform
A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body.
2021-05-15T09:40:37Z
Landforms may be natural or anthropogenic. This term has often has loose usage when referencing entities which are either subterranean or submerged below water bodies. In some cases, oceans themselves are considered landforms. Here, we have provided subclasses to resolve this ambiguity, but place oceans and other water bodies elsewhere.In later revisions, this hiearchy is likely to be reordered based on the formation processes of the entities within it.
landform
A solid astronomical body part which has been formed from and is composed primarily of the matter of that astronomical body.
External
A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location
A reference to a place on the Earth, by its name or by its geographical location.
Gazeteer Ontology
GAZ:00000467
geographic region {alternative name}
GAZ
GAZ:00000448
geographic location
External
A simple form of learning whereby the repeated presence of a stimulus leads to a change in the probability or strength of the response to that stimulus. There is no association of one type of stimulus with another, rather it is a generalized response to the environment.
non-associative learning
External
A decrease in a behavioural response to a repeated stimulus.
habituation
External
An increase in a behavioural response to a repeated stimulus.
sensitization
External
Observational learning in which new behaviours are acquired through imitation.
imitative learning
External
Learning that occurs through observing the behaviour of others.
observational learning
data item
Data items include counts of things, analyte concentrations, and statistical summaries.
An information content entity that is intended to be a truthful statement about something (modulo, e.g., measurement precision or other systematic errors) and is constructed/acquired by a method which reliably tends to produce (approximately) truthful statements.
2/2/2009 Alan and Bjoern discussing FACS run output data. This is a data item because it is about the cell population. Each element records an event and is typically further composed a set of measurment data items that record the fluorescent intensity stimulated by one of the lasers.
2009-03-16: data item deliberatly ambiguous: we merged data set and datum to be one entity, not knowing how to define singular versus plural. So data item is more general than datum.
2009-03-16: removed datum as alternative term as datum specifically refers to singular form, and is thus not an exact synonym.
2014-03-31: See discussion at http://odontomachus.wordpress.com/2014/03/30/aboutness-objects-propositions/
JAR: datum -- well, this will be very tricky to define, but maybe some
information-like stuff that might be put into a computer and that is
meant, by someone, to denote and/or to be interpreted by some
process... I would include lists, tables, sentences... I think I might
defer to Barry, or to Brian Cantwell Smith
JAR: A data item is an approximately justified approximately true approximate belief
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
PERSON: Jonathan Rees
data
data item
information content entity
Examples of information content entites include journal articles, data, graphical layouts, and graphs.
A generically dependent continuant that is about some thing.
2014-03-10: The use of "thing" is intended to be general enough to include universals and configurations (see https://groups.google.com/d/msg/information-ontology/GBxvYZCk1oc/-L6B5fSBBTQJ).
information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some digital_entity in obi before split (040907). information_content_entity 'is_encoded_in' some physical_document in obi before split (040907).
Previous. An information content entity is a non-realizable information entity that 'is encoded in' some digital or physical entity.
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
OBI_0000142
information content entity
An information content entity whose concretizations indicate to their bearer how to realize them in a process.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term realizable information entity was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000337) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was "is the specification of a process that can be concretized and realized by an actor" with alternative term "instruction".It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2013-05-30 Alan Ruttenberg: What differentiates a directive information entity from an information concretization is that it can have concretizations that are either qualities or realizable entities. The concretizations that are realizable entities are created when an individual chooses to take up the direction, i.e. has the intention to (try to) realize it.
8/6/2009 Alan Ruttenberg: Changed label from "information entity about a realizable" after discussions at ICBO
Werner pushed back on calling it realizable information entity as it isn't realizable. However this name isn't right either. An example would be a recipe. The realizable entity would be a plan, but the information entity isn't about the plan, it, once concretized, *is* the plan. -Alan
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
directive information entity
curation status specification
The curation status of the term. The allowed values come from an enumerated list of predefined terms. See the specification of these instances for more detailed definitions of each enumerated value.
Better to represent curation as a process with parts and then relate labels to that process (in IAO meeting)
PERSON:Bill Bug
GROUP:OBI:<http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/obi>
OBI_0000266
curation status specification
report
Examples of reports are gene lists and investigation reports. These are not published (journal) articles but may be included in a journal article.
A document assembled by an author for the purpose of providing information for the audience. A report is the output of a documenting process and has the objective to be consumed by a specific audience. Topic of the report is on something that has completed. A report is not a single figure. Examples of reports are journal article, patent application, grant progress report, case report (not patient record).
2009-03-16: comment from Darren Natale: I am slightly uneasy with the sentence "Topic of the report is on
something that has completed." Should it be restricted to those things
that are completed? For example, a progress report is (usually) about
something that definitely has *not* been completed, or may include
(only) projections. I think the definition would not suffer if the
whole sentence is deleted.
2009-03-16: this was report of results with definition: A report is a narrative object that is a formal statement of the results of an investigation, or of any matter on which definite information is required, made by some person or body instructed or required to do so.
2009-03-16: work has been done on this term during during the OBI workshop winter 2009 and the current definition was considered acceptable for use in OBI. If there is a need to modify this definition please notify OBI.
2009-08-10 Alan Ruttenberg: Larry Hunter suggests that this be obsoleted and replaced by 'document'. Alan restored as there are OBI dependencies and this merits further discussion
disagreement about where reports go. alan: only some gene lists are reports. Is a report all the content of some document? The example of usage suggests that a report may be part of some article. Term needs clarification
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Chris Stoeckert
PERSON: Melanie Courtot
GROUP: OBI
OBI_0000099
report
data about an ontology part
Data about an ontology part is a data item about a part of an ontology, for example a term
Person:Alan Ruttenberg
data about an ontology part
plan specification
PMID: 18323827.Nat Med. 2008 Mar;14(3):226.New plan proposed to help resolve conflicting medical advice.
A directive information entity with action specifications and objective specifications as parts, and that may be concretized as a realizable entity that, if realized, is realized in a process in which the bearer tries to achieve the objectives by taking the actions specified.
2009-03-16: provenance: a term a plan was proposed for OBI (OBI_0000344) , edited by the PlanAndPlannedProcess branch. Original definition was " a plan is a specification of a process that is realized by an actor to achieve the objective specified as part of the plan". It has been subsequently moved to IAO where the objective for which the original term was defined was satisfied with the definitionof this, different, term.
2014-03-31: A plan specification can have other parts, such as conditional specifications.
2022-01-16 Updated definition to that proposed by Clint Dowloand, IAO Issue 231.
Alternative previous definition: a plan is a set of instructions that specify how an objective should be achieved
Alan Ruttenberg
Clint Dowland
OBI Plan and Planned Process branch
OBI_0000344
2/3/2009 Comment from OBI review.
Action specification not well enough specified.
Conditional specification not well enough specified.
Question whether all plan specifications have objective specifications.
Request that IAO either clarify these or change definitions not to use them
plan specification
https://github.com/information-artifact-ontology/IAO/issues/231#issuecomment-1010455131
document
A journal article, patent application, laboratory notebook, or a book
A collection of information content entities intended to be understood together as a whole
PERSON: Lawrence Hunter
document
External
An affective process that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes including an appraisal process, which is valenced, has an object, and gives rise to an action tendency.
An affective process that is a synchronized aggregate of constituent mental processes, including an appraisal process, which is valenced, has an object, and gives rise to an action tendency.
occurrent emotion
short-term emotion
Emotion processes are distinguished from other affective processes (e.g., mood) by having an object. Even if an emotion is experienced due to physiological reasons, they would be felt as being about something or someone. For instance, a person might be angry at a situation that they would normally not be angry at, because they are hungry. However, that person would still be angry at a specific situation.
There is no intended sequence of the entities that are part of the emotion process (e.g., an appraisal process does not necessarily precede a physiological process part of the emotion process).
Emotion processes are distinguished from other affective processes (e.g., mood) by having an object. Even if an emotion is experienced due to physiological reasons, they would be felt as being about something or someone. For instance, a person might be angry at a situation that they would normally not be angry at, because they are hungry. However, that person would still be angry at a specific situation.
Valence refers to the 'the subjective value of an event, object, person, or other entity in the life space of the individual' (https://dictionary.apa.org/valence). Valence ranges from negative to positive.
There is no rigid sequence of the entities that are part of the emotion process (e.g., an appraisal process does not necessarily precede a physiological process part of the emotion process).
Valence refers to the 'the subjective value of an event, object, person, or other entity in the life space of the individual' (https://dictionary.apa.org/valence). Valence ranges from negative to positive.
emotion process
External
A mental process that gives rise to an appraisal.
appraising
appraisal process
External
A bodily process that encompasses all the neurophysiological changes accompanying an emotion, which take place in the central nervous system (CNS), neuro-endocrine system (NES) and autonomous nervous system (ANS).
physiological process involved in an emotion
External
A cognitive representation of the emotional relevance of an object or event to the organism.
Appraisals are a part of emotion processes, representing how a triggering stimulus is relevant to oneself. Appraisal captures the ‘aboutness’ of an emotion process.
For instance, a stimulus (the image of a tiger) can produce different emotion processes depending on how the relevance of this stimulus is evaluated. The image of a tiger on TV would not be evaluated as dangerous. However, the image of a tiger two meters away from a person would be relevant to a person in terms of its dangerousness. Therefore, the appraisal of the dangerousness of the tiger would be part of the emotion process 'fear'.
There is no intended sequence of the entities that are part of the emotion process (e.g., an appraisal does not necessarily precede a physiological process part of the emotion process).
Appraisals are a part of emotion processes, representing how a triggering stimulus is relevant to the self. Appraisal captures the ‘aboutness’ of an emotion process. For example, a stimulus such as an image of a tiger can produce different emotion processes depending on how the relevance of this stimulus is evaluated. If the image of a tiger was on TV, this would likely not be evaluated as dangerous. However, an image of a tiger two meters away from a person would be relevant to a person in terms of its dangerousness. Therefore, an appraisal of the dangerouness of the tiger would be part of the emotion process 'fear'.
There is no rigid sequence of the entities that are part of the emotion process -- an appraisal does not necessarily precede a physiological process part of the emotion process.
appraisal
External
An affective process that involves the experience of internal or external sensory stimuli.
pain
'Subjective affective feeling can have greater or weaker physiological or mental components. The bodily process that are experienced will usually involve some mental process.
Bodily sensation and the experiences of emotions (e.g., feeling calm) would both qualify as examples of 'subjective affective feeling'.
As a subclass of 'affective process', subjective affective feelings have valence. Valence refers to the 'the subjective value of an event, object, person, or other entity in the life space of the individual' (https://dictionary.apa.org/valence). Valence ranges from negative to positive.
subjective affective feeling
Flight and fight action tendencies
External
A bodily disposition to behaviour that inheres in an organism by virtue of the physical changes brought about by an emotion process.
Emotional action tendency involves dispositions that proceed a behavior relating to emotions. For example, fight or flight action tendencies influence a person's behaviour in reponse to a threat.
Emotional action tendency involves dispositions that proceed a behaviour relating to emotions. For instance, fight or flight action tendencies influence a person's behaviour in response to a threat.
emotional action tendency
External
A negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies.
Anger is a negative emotion, characterised by feelings of unpleasantness and high arousal, in the form of antagonistic feelings and action tendencies. [Source: OCEAS]
colère
ira
wut
angry
anger
anger
External
A negative emotion that is characterised by a need to get rid of, or distance oneself from, a stimulus that is appraised as repulsing.
asco
dégoût
ekel
disgusted
Disgust is thought to have evolved to guard the body against dangerous foods and microbial infections. This basic physiological disgust has also culturally evolved to incorporate both moral and interpersonal disgust which protect the self from social threats.
disgust
External
Disgust elicited by "contaminated" food substances: rotten food, culturally variable "bad" food, certain animals associated with rotten food (maggots, rats), and every body product except tears.
Disgust elicited by "contaminated" food substances: rotten food, culturally variable "bad" food, certain animals associated with rotten food (maggots, rats), and every body product except tears. [Source: OCEAS]
core disgust
External
Disgust elicited by poor hygiene, inappropriate sex, gore or violations of bodily boundaries, and death or the odor of decay.
Disgust elicited by poor hygiene, inappropriate sex, gore or violations of bodily boundaries, and death or the odor of decay. [Source: OCEAS]
animal-nature disgust
External
Disgust elicited by contact with others, especially contact with strangers or other individuals or groups we are averse to.
interpersonal disgust
External
Disgust elicited by some kinds of especially egregious moral violations.
moral disgust
External
A negative emotion that is aversive and characterised by feelings of threat and impending doom, and by an urge to get out of the situation.
Distinguished from anxiety since it usually has sudden onset and offset. Anxiety is often gradual and long-lasting and is triggered by a distal threat.
fear
External
A negative emotion that is aversive and provoked by the prospect of distal threat.
ansiedad
anxiété
besorgnis
anxious
Distinguished from fear since it is triggered by a distal threat whereas fear is triggered by an immediate threat. Often gradual and long-lasting, whereas fear usually has sudden onset and offset. [Source: OCEAS]
Experiencing 'anxious mood' can give rise to 'anxiety'. An 'anxious mood' does not have an object but involves generalised feeling of anxiety that a person experiences. In contrast, 'anxiety' will be about something, even if this object is not well-specified.
The term 'distal' can refer to future threats or geographically distant threats.
Distinguished from fear since it is triggered by a distal threat whereas fear is triggered by an immediate threat. Often gradual and long-lasting, whereas fear usually has sudden onset and offset.
Experiencing 'anxious mood' can give rise to 'anxiety'. An 'anxious mood' does not have an object, but involves generalised feeling of anxiety that a person experiences. In contrast, 'anxiety' will be about something, even if this object is not well-specified.
The term 'distal' can refer to future threats or geographically distant threats.
anxiety
External
An emotion caused by encountering unexpected events.
surprise
External
A positive emotion which is sought out and is associated with happiness and satisfaction.
enjoyment
pleasure
External
Pleasure that is experienced as a result of sexual activities.
sexual pleasure
External
A positive emotion which is experienced in reaction to a positive experience or event.
happiness
External
A negative self-evaluative emotion that occurs when a person brings about a negative outcome by acts of commission or omission that violate internal or external moral standards.
guilt
External
A negative emotion that is distressing and occurs when one appraises one's behaviour or circumstance as wrong, dishonourable, immodest or indecorous.
shame
External
A negative emotion felt when an event is appraised as unpleasant and resulting in loss or failure.
sadness
External
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event was expected to occur.
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event was expected to occur.
appraisal of expectedness
External
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of the pleasantness of an object or event.
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of the pleasantness of an object or event.
GRID questionnaire distinguishes between appraisal of pleasantness FOR SELF and appraisal of pleasantness FOR SOME OTHER. So far we have defined appraisal as evaluation of relevance FOR SELF, thus, we only include one appraisal of pleasantness (for the time being), although we may expand this later -- although I suspect that all or most of the appraisal types would have to be so qualified.
appraisal of pleasantness
External
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event or object is important to the person's goals or needs.
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of whether an event or object is important to the person's goals or needs.
Like pleasantness, the GRID questionnaire distinguishes between evaluations of goal importance/relevance for SELF and for an OTHER.
appraisal of goal importance
External
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of who or what caused an event.
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of who or what caused an event.
appraisal of causal agency
External
An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was caused by oneself.
this is being caused by me
appraisal as caused by self
External
An appraisal that represents an evaluation that an event was caused by another person.
this is being caused by someone else
appraisal as caused by an other
External
A subjective affective feeling of tiredness, needing sleep.
feeling tired
External
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of the desirability of the expected consequences of an event.
An appraisal that represents an evaluation of the desirability of the expected consequences of an event.
Distinguished in GRID questionnaire between FOR SELF and FOR OTHER.
appraisal of desirability of consequences
External
An appraisal which represents a judgement about how avoidable the expected consequences of an event will be.
An appraisal which represents a judgement about how avoidable the expected consequences of an event will be.
appraisal of avoidability of consequences
External
An appraisal which represents an evaluation of how threatening an object or situation is.
Dangerousness or level of threat may refer to physical, emotional or social dangers or threats.
Dangerousness or level of threat may refer to physical, emotional or social dangers or threats.
appraisal of dangerousness
External
A subjective affective feeling of being at ease, comfortable, relaxed.
feeling at ease
External
A subjective affective feeling of having lots of energy, being energetic.
feeling energetic
External
Feeling tired to an extremely strong degree.
feeling exhausted
External
A subjective affective feeling of being not at ease or agitated.
Note that 'feeling nervous' is related to 'anxiety' but is not identical with it. Feeling nervous is the subjective experience of nervousness, while anxiety is a complete emotion process. Subjective affective feelings are process parts of emotion processes.
feeling nervous
External
An emotion that is experienced when one's wishes, expectations or needs are fulfilled.
satisfaction
External
A mental process that has positive or negative valence.
Valence refers to the 'the subjective value of an event, object, person, or other entity in the life space of the individual' (https://dictionary.apa.org/valence). Valence ranges from negative to positive.
affective process
affective process
External
A subjective affective feeling in an organism S, involving two integrated levels: (a) activation of the nociceptive system and associated emotion generating brain components of S, and (b) a simultaneous aversive sensory and emotional experience on the part of S, where (b) is phenomenologically similar to the sort of aversive experience involved in pain with concordant tissue damage.
pain
External
A subjective affective feeling that involves discomfort and is associated with a need to consume food.
hunger
External
Surprise with a positive valence.
astonishment
positive surprise
External
Surprise with a negative valence.
negative surprise
External
A mental process during which information is evaluated, the outcome of which is a belief or opinion.
judging
External
A mental process that creates, modifies or has as participant some cognitive representation.
cognitive process
GO:0050890, cognition, defined as `The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.'
External
A mental process that involves heightened responding to an internal or external stimulus.
A mental process that is the psychological and physiological state of being awake and reactive to stimuli.
arousal
arousal
MFOMD_0000146
External
A cognitive process that involves the manipulation of mental language and/or mental images.
thinking
External
A member of the species Homo Sapiens.
An extended organism that is a member of the species Homo sapiens.
person
human being
person
External
and intends the object or event that the mental process is about, should such exist
it confers intentionality on the mental process.
Consciousness is an inseparable part of all mental processes. It is that part of the mental process that:
a) confers a subjective perspective, a phenomenology, an experience of the mental process of which it is a part; and
b) intends the object or event that the mental process is about, should such exist; i.e., it confers intentionality on the mental process.
That part of the mental process that confers a subjective perspective, a phenomenology, an experience of the mental process of which it is a part
Note that while there are different modes of consciousness corresponding to the different senses, the whole of conscious experience at any one time is largely experienced as a unity, that is, as a fused whole. Mental processes which are simultaneously ongoing are separable only in fiat, not in essence.
consciousness
consciousness
External
A mental process whereby relevant aspects of one's mental experience are focused on specific targets.
the process whereby relevant aspects of our mental experience are focused on specific targets
attending
attending
External
A mental process which is a) produced by a causal process involving a part of the environment of the organism, and b) is experienced by the organism as being so caused, and c) in which the relevant part of the environment is thereby represented to the organism.
Examples for 'causal processes involving a part of the environment of an organism' that can be perceived are light rays and air vibrations.
'Perception' is about perceiving stimuli in one's environment in the MoA Ontology. However, the term 'perception' is sometimes used to refer to things defined as 'belief' in the MoA Ontology.
perception
External
A bodily process that occurs in the brain, and that can of itself be conscious, or can give rise to a process that can of itself be conscious or can give rise to behaviour.
A 'mental process' is a subclass of 'bodily process', as mental processes occur within the body, specifically involving the brain.
A bodily process which brings into being, sustains or modifies a cognitive representation or a behavior inducing state.
Examples include thinking, feeling pain, remembering and emotion as occurrent experiences.
Mental processes can vary in the degree to which they involve consciousness.
A 'mental process' is a subclass of 'bodily process', as mental processes occur within the body, specifically involving the brain.
Mental processes can varying in the degree to which they involve consciousness.
mental process
GO:0050890, cognition, defined as `The operation of the mind by which an organism becomes aware of objects of thought or perception; it includes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory.'
External
A mental process that involves mentally manipulating representations of steps in an imagined process which has some goal.
The outcome of this mental process is a mental plan which has the potential to be followed to bring about the desired outcome.
planning
External
A dependent continuant which is about a portion of reality.
http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10
representation
External
A representation which specifically depends on an anatomical structure in the cognitive system of an organism.
http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10
The use of the phrase ‘an anatomical structure in the cognitive system’ in the formal definition means that a specific cognitive representation will depend on parts of the brain, rather than involving the whole brain.
When a belief is activated, the content of that belief is a cognitive representation.
When a belief is activated, the content of that belief is a cognitive representation.
The use of the phrase ‘an anatomical structure in the cognitive system’ in the formal definition means that a specific cognitive representation will depend on parts of the brain, rather than involving the whole brain.
cognitive representation
External
A bodily disposition is a disposition that inheres in some extended organism. Examples are: my disposition to catch a cold when exposed to a virus, my ability to speak the English language.
A disposition that inheres in some extended organism.
personal disposition
Bodily disposition includes features that can be used in a specific context, such as a person's strength, but not a person's weight. A person has a specific weight independent of the circumstances they are in.
Extended organism refers to an organism and its microbiome (e.g., the bacteria that live in one's digestive system)
Bodily disposition would include features, such as a person's strength (which can be used in a specific context), but not weight. A person would have a certain weight independent of most circumstances they are in.
Extended organism refers to an organism and its microbiome (e.g., the bacteria that live in one's digestive system).
bodily disposition
bodily disposition
External
A bodily disposition that is realized in a mental process.
A mental disposition is a bodily disposition that is realized in a mental process.
'Mental disposition' is a subclass of 'bodily disposition', as mental dispositions occur in the body.
Mental disposition' is a subclass of 'bodily disposition', as mental dispositions occur in the body.
mental disposition
mental disposition
External
A mental disposition to represent a proposition to be true.
Judging is a mental process that brings a belief into existence. Judging differently may also bring that belief out of existence.
An act of believing is just thinking about a belief.
Beliefs typically cause us to behave in ways that are characteristic with the content of that belief. However, this is not a necessary feature for the existence of the belief.
belief
belief
External
A bodily disposition whose realization ordinarily brings benefits to an organism or group of organisms, where "ordinarily" means within a typical range or context.
The phrase 'ordinarily brings benefits to an organism or group of organism' is used to explain that capabilities normally provide a benefit.
For instance, having a musical ability is ordinarily an ability that is positive for a person (e.g., they receive positive feedback about their ability). However, in certain exceptional cases (e.g., a neighbour becoming annoyed with a person playing the piano and expressing this annoyance), the ability might not bring benefits.
personal capability
External
A mental process that involves thinking about a state of affairs that is not yet the case together with a desire for that state of affairs to come about.
wanting
External
A personal capability that includes mental processes in its realisation.
Mental capabilities that are necessary to realise a behaviour are captured by the class ‘psychological behavioural capability’, which is a subclass of both ‘mental capability’ and ‘behavioural capability’.
mental capability
A bodily quality is a quality that inheres in some extended organism.
bodily quality
External
A mental process that evokes the representation of the sensory characteristics of objects or events when these are not immediately present to the senses.
mental imagery
External
A mental process that involves neuronal activity in response to a sensory stimulus but which is not the subject of consciousness.
subliminal process
planned process
planned process
Injecting mice with a vaccine in order to test its efficacy
A process that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
A processual entity that realizes a plan which is the concretization of a plan specification.
'Plan' includes a future direction sense. That can be problematic if plans are changed during their execution. There are however implicit contingencies for protocols that an agent has in his mind that can be considered part of the plan, even if the agent didn't have them in mind before. Therefore, a planned process can diverge from what the agent would have said the plan was before executing it, by adjusting to problems encountered during execution (e.g. choosing another reagent with equivalent properties, if the originally planned one has run out.)
We are only considering successfully completed planned processes. A plan may be modified, and details added during execution. For a given planned process, the associated realized plan specification is the one encompassing all changes made during execution. This means that all processes in which an agent acts towards achieving some
objectives is a planned process.
Bjoern Peters
branch derived
6/11/9: Edited at workshop. Used to include: is initiated by an agent
This class merges the previously separated objective driven process and planned process, as they the separation proved hard to maintain. (1/22/09, branch call)
completely executed planned process
planned process
organization
PMID: 16353909.AAPS J. 2005 Sep 22;7(2):E274-80. Review. The joint food and agriculture organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization Expert Committee on Food Additives and its role in the evaluation of the safety of veterinary drug residues in foods.
External
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
An entity that can bear roles, has members, and has a set of organization rules. Members of organizations are either organizations themselves or individual people. Members can bear specific organization member roles that are determined in the organization rules. The organization rules also determine how decisions are made on behalf of the organization by the organization members.
BP: The definition summarizes long email discussions on the OBI developer, roles, biomaterial and denrie branches. It leaves open if an organization is a material entity or a dependent continuant, as no consensus was reached on that. The current placement as material is therefore temporary, in order to move forward with development. Here is the entire email summary, on which the definition is based:
1) there are organization_member_roles (president, treasurer, branch
editor), with individual persons as bearers
2) there are organization_roles (employer, owner, vendor, patent holder)
3) an organization has a charter / rules / bylaws, which specify what roles
there are, how they should be realized, and how to modify the
charter/rules/bylaws themselves.
It is debatable what the organization itself is (some kind of dependent
continuant or an aggregate of people). This also determines who/what the
bearer of organization_roles' are. My personal favorite is still to define
organization as a kind of 'legal entity', but thinking it through leads to
all kinds of questions that are clearly outside the scope of OBI.
Interestingly enough, it does not seem to matter much where we place
organization itself, as long as we can subclass it (University, Corporation,
Government Agency, Hospital), instantiate it (Affymetrix, NCBI, NIH, ISO,
W3C, University of Oklahoma), and have it play roles.
This leads to my proposal: We define organization through the statements 1 -
3 above, but without an 'is a' statement for now. We can leave it in its
current place in the is_a hierarchy (material entity) or move it up to
'continuant'. We leave further clarifications to BFO, and close this issue
for now.
PERSON: Alan Ruttenberg
PERSON: Bjoern Peters
PERSON: Philippe Rocca-Serra
PERSON: Susanna Sansone
GROUP: OBI
organisation
organization
plan
The plan of researcher X to perform an experiment according to a protocol.
A plan is a realizable entity that is the inheres in a bearer who is committed to realizing it as a planned process.
This class is included to make clear how the plan specification, the plan, and the planned process relate. OBI will however only subclass and work under the 'plan specification', and 'planned process' class, as we want to avoid to get deep into discussions of 'intend' etc.
AR, BP, JM, MC, PRS
branch derived
plan
External
A process in which at least one bodily component of an organism participates.
A process in which at least one bodily component of an organsim participates.
Albert Goldfain
http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/1/1/10
creation date: 2009-06-23T11:53:49Z
From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000060
The phrase 'bodily component of an organism’ in the definition refers to ‘a part of the body’.
bodily process
An object aggregate consisting of an organism and all material entities located within the organism, overlapping the organism, or occupying sites formed in part by the organism.
Albert Goldfain
http://code.google.com/p/ogms/issues/detail?id=3
creation date: 2010-01-25T04:51:11Z
From OGMS: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OGMS_0000087
extended organism
A material entity that is a human made strcuture with firm connection between its foundation and the ground.
Mathias Brochhausen
http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bauwerk
"Building" is a subclass of this.
This type of entity is referred to as "Bauwerk" or "Bauliche Anlage".
architectural structure
External
An architectural structure that bears some function.
An architectural structure that bears some function.
Mathias Brochhausen
Ontology of Medically Related Social Entities
facility
facility
External
A facility that is run by a hospital organization, such as emergency departments, outpatient clinics and rehabilitation and is the bearer of a hospital function
A health care facility that bears the function to provide acute and intensive healthcare services and that is run by a hospital organization and is the bearer of a hospital function.
Mathias Brochhausen
William Hogan
Ontology of Medically Related Social Entities
hospital facility
hospital facility
External
A facility that is run by a school organization and is the bearer of a school function
A facility that is run by a school organization and is the bearer of a school function.
Mathias Brochhausen
Ontology of Medically Related Social Entities
school facility
school facility
External
A facility that’s administered by a health care organisation for the purpose of providing health care to a patient population
A facility bearing the function to provide healthcare and that is administered by a health care organization for the purpose of providing health care to a patient or patient population.
William Hogan
Ontology of Medically Related Social Entities
health care facility
healthcare facility
External
A health care facility that bears a function to provide healthcare to the sick or terminally ill
A health care facility that bears a function to provide healthcare to the sick or terminally ill
Amanda Hicks
Emma Norris
William Hogan
contacted ontology authors to add definition
Human Behaviour Change Project
Ontology of Medically Related Social Entities
hospice facility
hospice facility
External
A facility to assist in physical or addiction recovery
A facility to assist in physical or addiction recovery
Amanda Hicks
Emma Norris
William Hogan
contacted ontology authors to add definition
Human Behaviour Change Project
Ontology of Medically Related Social Entities
rehabilitation facility
rehabilitation facility
External
A health care facility that bears a function to provide emergency healthcare services and the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment, having arrived either by their own means or by ambulance
A health care facility that bears a function to provide emergency healthcare services and the acute care of patients who present without prior appointment, having arrived either by their own means or by ambulance
Amanda Hicks
Emma Norris
William Hogan
Adapted from Human Behaviour Change Project
OMRSE_00000114
emergency department facility
emergency department facility
a health care facility that also bears a residence function and thus one in which the patients are also residents of the facility
community living health care facility
residential facility
External
A facility that has at least one housing unit as part in which a person or persons live
A facility that has at least one housing unit as part in which a person or persons live
Emma Norris
William Hogan
contacted ontology authors to add definition
Modified version of definition provided by Human Behaviour Change Project
Ontology of Medically Related Social Entities
residential facility
residential facility
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time.
quality
PATO:0000044
frequency
A physical quality which inheres in a bearer by virtue of the number of the bearer's repetitive actions in a particular time.
Wikipedia:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/frequency
External
A health care facility whose function is to store, prepare, dispense, and monitor the usage of pharmaceutical drugs among patients in a given area or encountered in a given health care provider organization
A health care facility whose function is to store, prepare, dispense, and monitor the usage of pharmaceutical drugs among patients in a given area or encountered in a given health care provider organization.
Un établissement de santé qui a pour fonction d'entreposer, préparer, distribuer et surveiller l'utilisation des médicaments parmi les patients d'une zone géographique donnée ou suivis dans une organisation de soin donnée.
The Prescription of Drugs Ontology
pharmacy facility
pharmacy facility
établissement de pharmacologie
External
A material entity consisting of multiple components that are causally integrated.
May be replaced by a BFO class, as discussed in http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
Chris Mungall
http://www.jbiomedsem.com/content/4/1/43
system
A planned process executed in the performance of scientific research wherein systematic investigations are performed to establish facts and reach new conclusions about phenomena in the world.
Data generation process are typically experimental studies or observations, but can include any process generating information used to evaluate a claim. This is an organizational class that groups more specific types of such processes that are most commonly used in generating data used as evidence to support claims. These processes produce informational artifacts such as measured data values, derived statistical calculations and confidence measures, or statements representing summaries or conclusions drawn from such data.
research activity
A planned process that executes some study design or protocol to generate scientific data that is interpreted to test or generate a hypothesis.
Explore the classification of study types here as a possibility to implement in SEPIO.
https://mcw.libguides.com/evidencebased/studies
Useful because these map to the strength of the evidence each might provide.
A research study is considered broadly to be any scientific activity aimed at answering a research question. Studies can be simple or complex, depending on the scope of the question being explored and the extent of resources deployed in doing so. They may include a full research investigation, a set of experiments, or a single experiment or assay. Regardless, that act of summarizing any results as a finding statement is considered part of the study.
A research study is considered broadly to be any scientific activity aimed at answering a research question. Studies can be simple or complex, depending on the scope of the question being explored and the extent of resources deployed in doing so. They may include a full research investigation, a set of related experiments, or a single experiment or assay. Regardless, that act of summarizing any results as a finding statement is considered part of the study.
'Study' here is broadly considered to include any defined activity performed to address a scientific question or generate a scientific hypothesis. It covers scientific inquiry at different scales of complexity, from a single assay, experiment or observation, to a complex research investigation addressing a broader scientific question. Studies can be based on a broad range of methods, including in silico algorithms, in vitro or in vivo experimentation on model systems, clinical studies on human subjects, or curation and analysis of existing knowledge, e.g. from publications, datasets, or knowledegbases, to derive novel insight.
research study
The structure of the stomach and intestines
External
A material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
AAO:0010825
AEO:0000003
BILA:0000003
CARO:0000003
EHDAA2:0003003
EMAPA:0
FBbt:00007001
FMA:305751
FMA:67135
GAID:781
HAO:0000003
MA:0003000
MESH:D000825
SCTID:362889002
TAO:0000037
TGMA:0001823
VHOG:0001759
XAO:0003000
ZFA:0000037
http://dbpedia.org/ontology/AnatomicalStructure
biological structure
connected biological structure
uberon
UBERON:0000061
The formal definition for this definition does not include the influence of the environment on anatomical structure, as the class was reused from the Uber-anatomy ontology. This ontology defines anatomical structure for all organisms, including those whose anatomical structure might not be directly influenced by an interaction between genes and the environment.
An example for this class serving as a mechanism of action would be in an intervention that targets change in anatomical structure. For instance, a gastric bypass surgery can change the structure of the stomach and intestines, and thereby change eating behaviours.
anatomical structure
Material anatomical entity that is a single connected structure with inherent 3D shape generated by coordinated expression of the organism's own genome.
CARO:0000003
FBbt:00007001
connected biological structure
CARO:0000003
External
Anatomical entity that has mass.
AAO:0010264
AEO:0000006
BILA:0000006
CARO:0000006
EHDAA2:0003006
FBbt:00007016
FMA:67165
HAO:0000006
TAO:0001836
TGMA:0001826
VHOG:0001721
uberon
UBERON:0000465
material anatomical entity
Anatomical entity that has mass.
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737
FBbt:00007016
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
AAO:0010841
AEO:0000000
BFO:0000004
BILA:0000000
BIRNLEX:6
CARO:0000000
EHDAA2:0002229
FBbt:10000000
FMA:62955
HAO:0000000
MA:0000001
NCIT:C12219
TAO:0100000
TGMA:0001822
UMLS:C1515976
WBbt:0000100
XAO:0000000
ZFA:0100000
uberon
UBERON:0001062
anatomical entity
Biological entity that is either an individual member of a biological species or constitutes the structural organization of an individual member of a biological species.
FMA:62955
http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9114-8737
FBbt:10000000
UMLS:C1515976
ncithesaurus:Anatomic_Structure_System_or_Substance
An activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming, modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.
Activity